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MySQL 8.4 参考手册 · 中文镜像

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MySQL 8.4 参考手册MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual

包括 MySQL NDB 集群 8.4Including MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4

摘要Abstract

这是 MySQL 参考手册。它分别记录了 MySQL 8.4 到 8.4.11 以及 NDB Cluster 8.4 到 8.4.11 的内容。它可能包含尚未发布的 MySQL 版本功能的文档。有关已发布版本的信息，请参阅 MySQL 8.4 发布说明。This is the MySQL Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 8.4 through 8.4.11, as well as NDB Cluster 8.4 through 8.4.11, respectively. It may include documentation of features of MySQL versions that have not yet been released. For information about which versions have been released, see the MySQL 8.4 Release Notes.

MySQL 8.4 的功能 本手册描述了并非每个 MySQL 8.4 版本都包含的功能；这些功能可能不包含在您获得许可的 MySQL 8.4 版本中。如果您对所拥有的 MySQL 8.4 版本包含哪些功能有任何疑问，请参阅您的 MySQL 8.4 许可协议或联系您的 Oracle 销售代表。MySQL 8.4 features.  This manual describes features that are not included in every edition of MySQL 8.4; such features may not be included in the edition of MySQL 8.4 licensed to you. If you have any questions about the features included in your edition of MySQL 8.4, refer to your MySQL 8.4 license agreement or contact your Oracle sales representative.

有关每个版本更改的详细说明，请参阅 MySQL 8.4 发布说明。For notes detailing the changes in each release, see the MySQL 8.4 Release Notes.

有关法律信息，包括许可信息，请参阅前言和法律声明。For legal information, including licensing information, see the Preface and Legal Notices.

如需使用 MySQL 的帮助，请访问MySQL 论坛，在那里您可以与其他 MySQL 用户讨论您的问题。For help with using MySQL, please visit the MySQL Forums, where you can discuss your issues with other MySQL users.

文档生成于：2026-10-01（修订版：84959）Document generated on: 2026-10-01 (revision: 84959)

目录Table of Contents

前言和法律声明Preface and Legal Notices
1 一般信息1 General Information
1.1 关于本手册1.1 About This Manual
1.2 MySQL 数据库管理系统概述1.2 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
1.2.1 什么是 MySQL？1.2.1 What is MySQL?
1.2.2 MySQL 的主要特点 MySQL1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL
1.2.3 MySQL 历史1.2.3 History of MySQL
1.3 MySQL 版本：创新和 LTS1.3 MySQL Releases: Innovation and LTS
1.4 新增内容 MySQL 8.4 自 MySQL 8.01.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0
1.5 自 8.0 起，MySQL 8.4 中添加、弃用或删除的服务器和状态变量及选项1.5 Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in MySQL 8.4 since 8.0
1.6 如何报告错误或问题1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems
1.7 MySQL 标准合规性1.7 MySQL Standards Compliance
1.7.1 标准 SQL 的 MySQL 扩展1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL
1.7.2 MySQL 与标准的差异 SQL1.7.2 MySQL Differences from Standard SQL
1.7.3 MySQL 如何处理约束1.7.3 How MySQL Deals with Constraints
2 安装 MySQL2 Installing MySQL
2.1 一般安装指南2.1 General Installation Guidance
2.1.1 支持的平台2.1.1 Supported Platforms
2.1.2 要安装哪个 MySQL 版本和发行版2.1.2 Which MySQL Version and Distribution to Install
2.1.3 如何获取 MySQL2.1.3 How to Get MySQL
2.1.4 使用 MD5 校验和或 GnuPG 验证包完整性2.1.4 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG
2.1.5 安装布局2.1.5 Installation Layouts
2.1.6 编译器特定的构建特征2.1.6 Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics
2.2 使用通用二进制文件在 Unix/Linux 上安装 MySQL2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
2.3 在 Microsoft Windows 上安装 MySQL2.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows
2.3.1 选择安装包2.3.1 Choosing an Installation Package
2.3.2 配置：使用 MySQL 配置器2.3.2 Configuration: Using MySQL Configurator
2.3.3 配置：手动2.3.3 Configuration: Manually
2.3.4 故障排除 Microsoft Windows MySQL Server 安装2.3.4 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation
2.3.5 Windows 安装后过程2.3.5 Windows Postinstallation Procedures
2.3.6 Windows 平台限制2.3.6 Windows Platform Restrictions
2.4 在 macOS 上安装 MySQL2.4 Installing MySQL on macOS
2.4.1 在 macOS 上安装 MySQL 的一般注意事项2.4.1 General Notes on Installing MySQL on macOS
2.4.2 使用本机在 macOS 上安装 MySQL 软件包2.4.2 Installing MySQL on macOS Using Native Packages
2.4.3 安装和使用 MySQL 启动守护程序2.4.3 Installing and Using the MySQL Launch Daemon
2.4.4 安装和使用 MySQL 首选项窗格2.4.4 Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane
2.5 在 Linux 上安装 MySQL2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux
2.5.1 使用 MySQL Yum 存储库在 Linux 上安装 MySQL2.5.1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository
2.5.2 使用 MySQL APT 存储库在 Linux 上安装 MySQL2.5.2 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository
2.5.3 使用 MySQL SLES 存储库2.5.3 Using the MySQL SLES Repository
2.5.4 使用 Oracle 提供的 RPM 软件包在 Linux 上安装 MySQL2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle
2.5.5 使用 Oracle 提供的 Debian 软件包在 Linux 上安装 MySQL2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle
2.5.6 使用 Docker 容器在 Linux 上部署 MySQL2.5.6 Deploying MySQL on Linux with Docker Containers
2.5.7 从本机软件存储库在 Linux 上安装 MySQL2.5.7 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories
2.5.8 在 Linux 上安装 MySQL Juju2.5.8 Installing MySQL on Linux with Juju
2.5.9 使用 systemd 管理 MySQL 服务器2.5.9 Managing MySQL Server with systemd
2.6 使用 Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) 安装 MySQL2.6 Installing MySQL Using Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)
2.7 在 Solaris 上安装 MySQL2.7 Installing MySQL on Solaris
2.7.1 使用 Solaris PKG 在 Solaris 上安装 MySQL2.7.1 Installing MySQL on Solaris Using a Solaris PKG
2.8 从源安装 MySQL2.8 Installing MySQL from Source
2.8.1 源码安装方法2.8.1 Source Installation Methods
2.8.2 源码安装先决条件2.8.2 Source Installation Prerequisites
2.8.3 MySQL 源码布局安装2.8.3 MySQL Layout for Source Installation
2.8.4 使用标准源代码分发安装 MySQL2.8.4 Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution
2.8.5 使用开发源代码树安装 MySQL2.8.5 Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree
2.8.6 配置 SSL 库支持2.8.6 Configuring SSL Library Support
2.8.7 MySQL 源配置选项2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options
2.8.8 处理编译问题 MySQL2.8.8 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
2.8.9 MySQL 配置和第三方工具2.8.9 MySQL Configuration and Third-Party Tools
2.8.10 生成 MySQL Doxygen 文档内容2.8.10 Generating MySQL Doxygen Documentation Content
2.9 安装后设置和测试2.9 Postinstallation Setup and Testing
2.9.1 初始化数据目录2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory
2.9.2 启动服务器2.9.2 Starting the Server
2.9.3 测试服务器2.9.3 Testing the Server
2.9.4 保护初始 MySQL 帐户2.9.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account
2.9.5 自动启动和停止 MySQL2.9.5 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically
2.10 Perl 安装说明2.10 Perl Installation Notes
2.10.1 安装 Perl Unix2.10.1 Installing Perl on Unix
2.10.2 在 Windows 上安装 ActiveState Perl2.10.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows
2.10.3 使用 Perl DBI/DBD 接口的问题2.10.3 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface
3 升级 MySQL3 Upgrading MySQL
3.1 开始之前3.1 Before You Begin
3.2 升级路径3.2 Upgrade Paths
3.3 升级最佳实践3.3 Upgrade Best Practices
3.4 MySQL 升级过程是什么升级3.4 What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades
3.5 MySQL 8.4 中的更改3.5 Changes in MySQL 8.4
3.6 准备安装以进行升级3.6 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade
3.7 在 Unix/Linux 上升级 MySQL 二进制或基于包的安装3.7 Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux
3.8 使用 MySQL Yum 存储库升级 MySQL3.8 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository
3.9 使用 MySQL APT 存储库升级 MySQL3.9 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL APT Repository
3.10 使用 MySQL SLES 存储库升级 MySQL3.10 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL SLES Repository
3.11 在 Windows 上升级 MySQL3.11 Upgrading MySQL on Windows
3.12 升级 Docker 安装的 MySQL3.12 Upgrading a Docker Installation of MySQL
3.13 升级故障排除3.13 Upgrade Troubleshooting
3.14 重建或修复表或索引3.14 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes
3.15 将 MySQL 数据库复制到另一台计算机3.15 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine
4 降级 MySQL4 Downgrading MySQL
5 教程5 Tutorial
5.1 连接和断开服务器5.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
5.2 输入查询5.2 Entering Queries
5.3 创建和使用数据库5.3 Creating and Using a Database
5.3.1 创建和选择数据库5.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database
5.3.2 创建表5.3.2 Creating a Table
5.3.3 将数据加载到表中5.3.3 Loading Data into a Table
5.3.4 从表中检索信息5.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table
5.4 获取有关数据库和表的信息5.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables
5.5 在批处理模式下使用 mysql5.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode
5.6 常见查询示例5.6 Examples of Common Queries
5.6.1 某列的最大值5.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column
5.6.2 某列最大值所在行5.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
5.6.3 每组列的最大值5.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group
5.6.4 某列按组最大值所在行5.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column
5.6.5 使用用户定义的变量5.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables
5.6.6 使用外键5.6.6 Using Foreign Keys
5.6.7 在两个键上搜索5.6.7 Searching on Two Keys
5.6.8 每日访问量计算5.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day
5.6.9 使用 AUTO_INCREMENT5.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT
5.7 在 Apache 上使用 MySQL5.7 Using MySQL with Apache
6 MySQL 程序6 MySQL Programs
6.1 MySQL 程序概述6.1 Overview of MySQL Programs
6.2 使用 MySQL 程序6.2 Using MySQL Programs
6.2.1 调用 MySQL 程序6.2.1 Invoking MySQL Programs
6.2.2 指定程序选项6.2.2 Specifying Program Options
6.2.3 连接服务器的命令选项6.2.3 Command Options for Connecting to the Server
6.2.4 使用命令选项连接 MySQL 服务器6.2.4 Connecting to the MySQL Server Using Command Options
6.2.5 使用类似 URI 的字符串或键值对连接服务器6.2.5 Connecting to the Server Using URI-Like Strings or Key-Value Pairs
6.2.6 使用 DNS SRV 记录连接服务器6.2.6 Connecting to the Server Using DNS SRV Records
6.2.7 连接传输协议6.2.7 Connection Transport Protocols
6.2.8 连接压缩控制6.2.8 Connection Compression Control
6.2.9 设置环境变量6.2.9 Setting Environment Variables
6.3 服务器及服务器启动程序6.3 Server and Server-Startup Programs
6.3.1 mysqld — MySQL 服务器6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server
6.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL 服务器启动脚本6.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script
6.3.3 mysql.server — MySQL 服务器启动脚本6.3.3 mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script
6.3.4 mysqld_multi — 管理多个 MySQL 服务器6.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers
6.4 安装相关程序6.4 Installation-Related Programs
6.4.1 comp_err — 编译 MySQL 错误消息文件6.4.1 comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File
6.4.2 mysql_secure_installation — 提升 MySQL 安装安全性6.4.2 mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security
6.4.3 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — 加载时区表6.4.3 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables
6.5 客户端程序6.5 Client Programs
6.5.1 mysql — MySQL 命令行客户端6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client
6.5.2 mysqladmin — MySQL 服务器管理程序6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program
6.5.3 mysqlcheck — 表维护程序6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program
6.5.4 mysqldump — 数据库备份程序6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
6.5.5 mysqlimport — 数据导入程序6.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
6.5.6 mysqlshow — 显示数据库、表和列信息6.5.6 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
6.5.7 mysqlslap — 负载仿真客户端6.5.7 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client
6.6 管理和实用程序6.6 Administrative and Utility Programs
6.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB 表空间 SDI 提取工具6.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility
6.6.2 innochecksum — 离线 InnoDB 文件校验工具6.6.2 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility
6.6.3 myisam_ftdump — 显示全文索引信息6.6.3 myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM 表维护工具6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
6.6.5 myisamlog — 显示 MyISAM 日志文件内容6.6.5 myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
6.6.6 myisampack — 生成压缩的只读 MyISAM 表6.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
6.6.7 mysql_config_editor — MySQL 配置工具6.6.7 mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility
6.6.8 mysql_migrate_keyring — 密钥环密钥迁移工具6.6.8 mysql_migrate_keyring — Keyring Key Migration Utility
6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — 处理二进制日志文件的工具6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
6.6.10 mysqldumpslow — 汇总慢查询日志文件6.6.10 mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files
6.7 程序开发工具6.7 Program Development Utilities
6.7.1 mysql_config — 显示编译客户端的选项6.7.1 mysql_config — Display Options for Compiling Clients
6.7.2 my_print_defaults — 从选项文件显示选项6.7.2 my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files
6.8 其他程序6.8 Miscellaneous Programs
6.8.1 perror — 显示 MySQL 错误信息6.8.1 perror — Display MySQL Error Message Information
6.9 环境变量6.9 Environment Variables
6.10 MySQL 中的 Unix 信号处理6.10 Unix Signal Handling in MySQL
7 MySQL 服务器管理7 MySQL Server Administration
7.1 MySQL 服务器7.1 The MySQL Server
7.1.1 配置服务器7.1.1 Configuring the Server
7.1.2 服务器配置默认值7.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults
7.1.3 服务器配置验证7.1.3 Server Configuration Validation
7.1.4 服务器选项、系统变量和状态变量参考7.1.4 Server Option, System Variable, and Status Variable Reference
7.1.5 服务器系统变量参考7.1.5 Server System Variable Reference
7.1.6 服务器状态变量参考7.1.6 Server Status Variable Reference
7.1.7 服务器命令选项7.1.7 Server Command Options
7.1.8 服务器系统变量7.1.8 Server System Variables
7.1.9 使用系统变量7.1.9 Using System Variables
7.1.10 服务器状态变量7.1.10 Server Status Variables
7.1.11 服务器 SQL 模式7.1.11 Server SQL Modes
7.1.12 连接管理7.1.12 Connection Management
7.1.13 IPv6 支持7.1.13 IPv6 Support
7.1.14 网络命名空间支持7.1.14 Network Namespace Support
7.1.15 MySQL 服务器时区支持7.1.15 MySQL Server Time Zone Support
7.1.16 资源组7.1.16 Resource Groups
7.1.17 服务器端帮助支持7.1.17 Server-Side Help Support
7.1.18 服务器跟踪客户端会话状态7.1.18 Server Tracking of Client Session State
7.1.19 服务器关闭过程7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process
7.2 MySQL 数据目录7.2 The MySQL Data Directory
7.3 MySQL 系统模式7.3 The mysql System Schema
7.4 MySQL 服务器日志7.4 MySQL Server Logs
7.4.1 选择常规查询日志和慢查询日志的输出目的地7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations
7.4.2 错误日志7.4.2 The Error Log
7.4.3 常规查询日志7.4.3 The General Query Log
7.4.4 二进制日志7.4.4 The Binary Log
7.4.5 慢查询日志7.4.5 The Slow Query Log
7.4.6 服务器日志维护7.4.6 Server Log Maintenance
7.5 MySQL 组件7.5 MySQL Components
7.5.1 安装和卸载组件7.5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Components
7.5.2 获取组件信息7.5.2 Obtaining Component Information
7.5.3 错误日志组件7.5.3 Error Log Components
7.5.4 查询属性组件7.5.4 Query Attribute Components
7.5.5 调度器组件7.5.5 Scheduler Component
7.6 MySQL 服务器插件7.6 MySQL Server Plugins
7.6.1 安装和卸载插件7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins
7.6.2 获取服务器插件信息7.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information
7.6.3 MySQL 企业线程池7.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool
7.6.4 重写器查询重写插件7.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin
7.6.5 ddl_rewriter 插件7.6.5 The ddl_rewriter Plugin
7.6.6 版本标记7.6.6 Version Tokens
7.6.7 克隆插件7.6.7 The Clone Plugin
7.6.8 密钥环代理桥插件7.6.8 The Keyring Proxy Bridge Plugin
7.6.9 MySQL 插件服务7.6.9 MySQL Plugin Services
7.7 MySQL 服务器可加载函数7.7 MySQL Server Loadable Functions
7.7.1 安装和卸载可加载函数7.7.1 Installing and Uninstalling Loadable Functions
7.7.2 获取有关可加载函数的信息7.7.2 Obtaining Information About Loadable Functions
7.8 在一台机器上运行多个 MySQL 实例7.8 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine
7.8.1 设置多个数据目录7.8.1 Setting Up Multiple Data Directories
7.8.2 在 Windows 上运行多个 MySQL 实例7.8.2 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Windows
7.8.3 在 Unix 上运行多个 MySQL 实例7.8.3 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Unix
7.8.4 在多服务器环境中使用客户端程序7.8.4 Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment
7.9 调试 MySQL7.9 Debugging MySQL
7.9.1 调试 MySQL 服务器7.9.1 Debugging a MySQL Server
7.9.2 调试 MySQL 客户端7.9.2 Debugging a MySQL Client
7.9.3 LOCK_ORDER 工具7.9.3 The LOCK_ORDER Tool
7.9.4 DBUG 软件包7.9.4 The DBUG Package
8 安全8 Security
8.1 一般安全问题8.1 General Security Issues
8.1.1 安全指南8.1.1 Security Guidelines
8.1.2 保持密码安全8.1.2 Keeping Passwords Secure
8.1.3 使 MySQL 防止攻击者8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers
8.1.4 与安全相关的 mysqld 选项和变量8.1.4 Security-Related mysqld Options and Variables
8.1.5 如何以普通用户身份运行 MySQL8.1.5 How to Run MySQL as a Normal User
8.1.6 LOAD DATA LOCAL 的安全注意事项8.1.6 Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL
8.1.7 客户端编程安全指南8.1.7 Client Programming Security Guidelines
8.2 访问控制和账号管理8.2 Access Control and Account Management
8.2.1 账号用户名和密码8.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords
8.2.2 MySQL 提供的权限8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL
8.2.3 授权表8.2.3 Grant Tables
8.2.4 指定账户名称8.2.4 Specifying Account Names
8.2.5 指定角色名称8.2.5 Specifying Role Names
8.2.6 访问控制，第 1 阶段：连接验证8.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
8.2.7 访问控制，第 2 阶段：请求验证8.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
8.2.8 添加账户、分配权限和删除账户8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts
8.2.9 保留账户8.2.9 Reserved Accounts
8.2.10 使用角色8.2.10 Using Roles
8.2.11 账户类别8.2.11 Account Categories
8.2.12 使用部分撤销限制权限8.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes
8.2.13 权限更改生效时间8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect
8.2.14 分配账户密码8.2.14 Assigning Account Passwords
8.2.15 密码管理8.2.15 Password Management
8.2.16 服务器处理过期密码8.2.16 Server Handling of Expired Passwords
8.2.17 可插拔认证8.2.17 Pluggable Authentication
8.2.18 多因素认证8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication
8.2.19 代理用户8.2.19 Proxy Users
8.2.20 账户锁定8.2.20 Account Locking
8.2.21 设置账户资源限制8.2.21 Setting Account Resource Limits
8.2.22 连接 MySQL 出现问题的故障排除8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL
8.2.23 基于 SQL 的账户活动审计8.2.23 SQL-Based Account Activity Auditing
8.3 使用加密连接8.3 Using Encrypted Connections
8.3.1 配置 MySQL 使用加密连接8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections
8.3.2 加密连接 TLS 协议和加密套件8.3.2 Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers
8.3.3 创建 SSL 和 RSA 证书及密钥8.3.3 Creating SSL and RSA Certificates and Keys
8.3.4 使用 SSH 从 Windows 远程连接 MySQL8.3.4 Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH
8.3.5 重用 SSL 会话8.3.5 Reusing SSL Sessions
8.4 安全组件和插件8.4 Security Components and Plugins
8.4.1 认证插件8.4.1 Authentication Plugins
8.4.2 连接控制插件8.4.2 Connection Control Plugins
8.4.3 密码验证组件8.4.3 The Password Validation Component
8.4.4 MySQL 密钥环8.4.4 The MySQL Keyring
8.4.5 MySQL 企业审计8.4.5 MySQL Enterprise Audit
8.4.6 审计消息组件8.4.6 The Audit Message Component
8.4.7 MySQL 企业防火墙8.4.7 MySQL Enterprise Firewall
8.5 MySQL 企业数据掩码和去标识化8.5 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification
8.5.1 数据掩码组件与数据掩码插件8.5.1 Data-Masking Components Versus the Data-Masking Plugin
8.5.2 MySQL 企业数据掩码和去标识化组件8.5.2 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Components
8.5.3 MySQL 企业数据掩码和去标识化插件8.5.3 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin
8.6 MySQL 企业加密8.6 MySQL Enterprise Encryption
8.6.1 MySQL 企业加密安装与升级8.6.1 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading
8.6.2 配置 MySQL 企业加密8.6.2 Configuring MySQL Enterprise Encryption
8.6.3 MySQL 企业加密的使用和示例8.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples
8.6.4 MySQL 企业加密函数参考8.6.4 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Function Reference
8.6.5 MySQL 企业加密组件函数说明8.6.5 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Component Function Descriptions
8.7 SELinux
8.7.1 检查 SELinux 是否启用8.7.1 Check if SELinux is Enabled
8.7.2 更改 SELinux 模式8.7.2 Changing the SELinux Mode
8.7.3 MySQL 服务器 SELinux 策略8.7.3 MySQL Server SELinux Policies
8.7.4 SELinux 文件上下文8.7.4 SELinux File Context
8.7.5 SELinux TCP 端口上下文8.7.5 SELinux TCP Port Context
8.7.6 SELinux 故障排除8.7.6 Troubleshooting SELinux
8.8 FIPS 支持8.8 FIPS Support
9 备份与恢复9 Backup and Recovery
9.1 备份与恢复类型9.1 Backup and Recovery Types
9.2 数据库备份方法9.2 Database Backup Methods
9.3 备份与恢复策略示例9.3 Example Backup and Recovery Strategy
9.3.1 制定备份策略9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy
9.3.2 使用备份进行恢复9.3.2 Using Backups for Recovery
9.3.3 备份策略摘要9.3.3 Backup Strategy Summary
9.4 使用 mysqldump 进行备份9.4 Using mysqldump for Backups
9.4.1 使用 mysqldump 以 SQL 格式导出数据9.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump
9.4.2 重新加载 SQL 格式备份9.4.2 Reloading SQL-Format Backups
9.4.3 使用 mysqldump 导出分隔文本格式的数据9.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump
9.4.4 重新加载分隔文本格式备份9.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups
9.4.5 mysqldump 小技巧9.4.5 mysqldump Tips
9.5 定点时间（增量）恢复9.5 Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery
9.5.1 使用二进制日志进行定点时间恢复9.5.1 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Binary Log
9.5.2 使用事件位置进行定点时间恢复9.5.2 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Positions
9.6 MyISAM 表维护和崩溃恢复9.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery
9.6.1 使用 myisamchk 进行崩溃恢复9.6.1 Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery
9.6.2 如何检查 MyISAM 表的错误9.6.2 How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors
9.6.3 如何修复 MyISAM 表9.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables
9.6.4 MyISAM 表优化9.6.4 MyISAM Table Optimization
9.6.5 设置 MyISAM 表维护计划9.6.5 Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule
10 优化10 Optimization
10.1 优化概述10.1 Optimization Overview
10.2 SQL 语句优化10.2 Optimizing SQL Statements
10.2.1 SELECT 语句优化10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements
10.2.2 子查询、派生表、视图引用和公共表表达式优化10.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
10.2.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 查询优化10.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries
10.2.4 性能模式查询优化10.2.4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries
10.2.5 数据修改语句优化10.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements
10.2.6 优化数据库权限10.2.6 Optimizing Database Privileges
10.2.7 其他优化技巧10.2.7 Other Optimization Tips
10.3 优化与索引10.3 Optimization and Indexes
10.3.1 MySQL 如何使用索引10.3.1 How MySQL Uses Indexes
10.3.2 主键优化10.3.2 Primary Key Optimization
10.3.3 空间索引优化10.3.3 SPATIAL Index Optimization
10.3.4 外键优化10.3.4 Foreign Key Optimization
10.3.5 列索引10.3.5 Column Indexes
10.3.6 多列索引10.3.6 Multiple-Column Indexes
10.3.7 验证索引使用情况10.3.7 Verifying Index Usage
10.3.8 InnoDB 和 MyISAM 索引统计收集10.3.8 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
10.3.9 B 树与哈希索引比较10.3.9 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes
10.3.10 索引扩展的使用10.3.10 Use of Index Extensions
10.3.11 优化器使用生成列索引10.3.11 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes
10.3.12 隐形索引10.3.12 Invisible Indexes
10.3.13 降序索引10.3.13 Descending Indexes
10.3.14 从 TIMESTAMP 列进行索引查找10.3.14 Indexed Lookups from TIMESTAMP Columns
10.4 优化数据库结构10.4 Optimizing Database Structure
10.4.1 优化数据大小10.4.1 Optimizing Data Size
10.4.2 优化 MySQL 数据类型10.4.2 Optimizing MySQL Data Types
10.4.3 多表优化10.4.3 Optimizing for Many Tables
10.4.4 MySQL 内部临时表的使用10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL
10.4.5 数据库和表数量的限制10.4.5 Limits on Number of Databases and Tables
10.4.6 表大小的限制10.4.6 Limits on Table Size
10.4.7 表列数和行大小的限制10.4.7 Limits on Table Column Count and Row Size
10.5 为 InnoDB 表优化10.5 Optimizing for InnoDB Tables
10.5.1 优化 InnoDB 表的存储布局10.5.1 Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables
10.5.2 优化 InnoDB 事务管理10.5.2 Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management
10.5.3 优化 InnoDB 只读事务10.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions
10.5.4 优化 InnoDB 重做日志10.5.4 Optimizing InnoDB Redo Logging
10.5.5 InnoDB 表的批量数据加载10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables
10.5.6 优化 InnoDB 查询10.5.6 Optimizing InnoDB Queries
10.5.7 优化 InnoDB DDL 操作10.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations
10.5.8 优化 InnoDB 磁盘 I/O10.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O
10.5.9 优化 InnoDB 配置变量10.5.9 Optimizing InnoDB Configuration Variables
10.5.10 优化有大量表的 InnoDB 系统10.5.10 Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables
10.6 MyISAM 表的优化10.6 Optimizing for MyISAM Tables
10.6.1 MyISAM 查询优化10.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries
10.6.2 MyISAM 表的批量数据加载10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables
10.6.3 REPAIR TABLE 语句优化10.6.3 Optimizing REPAIR TABLE Statements
10.7 MEMORY 表的优化10.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables
10.8 了解查询执行计划10.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan
10.8.1 使用 EXPLAIN 优化查询10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
10.8.2 EXPLAIN 输出格式10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format
10.8.3 扩展 EXPLAIN 输出格式10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format
10.8.4 获取指定连接的执行计划信息10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection
10.8.5 评估查询性能10.8.5 Estimating Query Performance
10.9 控制查询优化器10.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer
10.9.1 控制查询计划评估10.9.1 Controlling Query Plan Evaluation
10.9.2 可切换优化10.9.2 Switchable Optimizations
10.9.3 优化器提示10.9.3 Optimizer Hints
10.9.4 索引提示10.9.4 Index Hints
10.9.5 优化器成本模型10.9.5 The Optimizer Cost Model
10.9.6 优化器统计信息10.9.6 Optimizer Statistics
10.10 缓冲和缓存10.10 Buffering and Caching
10.10.1 InnoDB 缓冲池优化10.10.1 InnoDB Buffer Pool Optimization
10.10.2 MyISAM 键缓存10.10.2 The MyISAM Key Cache
10.10.3 预处理语句和存储程序的缓存10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs
10.11 优化锁操作10.11 Optimizing Locking Operations
10.11.1 内部锁定方法10.11.1 Internal Locking Methods
10.11.2 表锁定问题10.11.2 Table Locking Issues
10.11.3 并发插入10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts
10.11.4 元数据锁定10.11.4 Metadata Locking
10.11.5 外部锁定10.11.5 External Locking
10.12 优化 MySQL 服务器10.12 Optimizing the MySQL Server
10.12.1 优化磁盘 I/O10.12.1 Optimizing Disk I/O
10.12.2 使用符号链接10.12.2 Using Symbolic Links
10.12.3 优化内存使用10.12.3 Optimizing Memory Use
10.13 测量性能（基准测试）10.13 Measuring Performance (Benchmarking)
10.13.1 测量表达式和函数的速度10.13.1 Measuring the Speed of Expressions and Functions
10.13.2 使用自定义基准测试10.13.2 Using Your Own Benchmarks
10.13.3 使用 performance_schema 测量性能10.13.3 Measuring Performance with performance_schema
10.14 检查服务器线程（进程）信息10.14 Examining Server Thread (Process) Information
10.14.1 访问进程列表10.14.1 Accessing the Process List
10.14.2 线程命令值10.14.2 Thread Command Values
10.14.3 一般线程状态10.14.3 General Thread States
10.14.4 复制源线程状态10.14.4 Replication Source Thread States
10.14.5 复制 I/O（接收器）线程状态10.14.5 Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States
10.14.6 复制 SQL 线程状态10.14.6 Replication SQL Thread States
10.14.7 复制连接线程状态10.14.7 Replication Connection Thread States
10.14.8 NDB 集群线程状态10.14.8 NDB Cluster Thread States
10.14.9 事件调度器线程状态10.14.9 Event Scheduler Thread States
10.15 优化器跟踪10.15 Tracing the Optimizer
10.15.1 典型用法10.15.1 Typical Usage
10.15.2 控制跟踪的系统变量10.15.2 System Variables Controlling Tracing
10.15.3 可跟踪语句10.15.3 Traceable Statements
10.15.4 调优跟踪清理10.15.4 Tuning Trace Purging
10.15.5 跟踪内存使用情况10.15.5 Tracing Memory Usage
10.15.6 权限检查10.15.6 Privilege Checking
10.15.7 与 --debug 选项的交互10.15.7 Interaction with the --debug Option
10.15.8 optimizer_trace 系统变量10.15.8 The optimizer_trace System Variable
10.15.9 end_markers_in_json 系统变量10.15.9 The end_markers_in_json System Variable
10.15.10 选择要跟踪的优化器功能10.15.10 Selecting Optimizer Features to Trace
10.15.11 跟踪的一般结构10.15.11 Trace General Structure
10.15.12 示例10.15.12 Example
10.15.13 在其他应用程序中显示跟踪10.15.13 Displaying Traces in Other Applications
10.15.14 防止使用优化器跟踪10.15.14 Preventing the Use of Optimizer Trace
10.15.15 测试优化器跟踪10.15.15 Testing Optimizer Trace
10.15.16 优化器跟踪实现10.15.16 Optimizer Trace Implementation
11 语言结构11 Language Structure
11.1 字面值11.1 Literal Values
11.1.1 字符串字面值11.1.1 String Literals
11.1.2 数值字面量11.1.2 Numeric Literals
11.1.3 日期和时间字面量11.1.3 Date and Time Literals
11.1.4 十六进制字面量11.1.4 Hexadecimal Literals
11.1.5 位值字面量11.1.5 Bit-Value Literals
11.1.6 布尔字面量11.1.6 Boolean Literals
11.1.7 NULL 值11.1.7 NULL Values
11.2 模式对象名称11.2 Schema Object Names
11.2.1 标识符长度限制11.2.1 Identifier Length Limits
11.2.2 标识符限定符11.2.2 Identifier Qualifiers
11.2.3 标识符大小写敏感性11.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity
11.2.4 标识符到文件名的映射11.2.4 Mapping of Identifiers to File Names
11.2.5 函数名称解析与解析11.2.5 Function Name Parsing and Resolution
11.3 关键字与保留字11.3 Keywords and Reserved Words
11.4 用户自定义变量11.4 User-Defined Variables
11.5 表达式11.5 Expressions
11.6 查询属性11.6 Query Attributes
11.7 注释11.7 Comments
12 字符集、排序规则、Unicode12 Character Sets, Collations, Unicode
12.1 字符集和整理规则概述12.1 Character Sets and Collations in General
12.2 MySQL 中的字符集和整理规则12.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
12.2.1 字符集字符表12.2.1 Character Set Repertoire
12.2.2 元数据的 UTF-812.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata
12.3 指定字符集和整理规则12.3 Specifying Character Sets and Collations
12.3.1 整理规则命名约定12.3.1 Collation Naming Conventions
12.3.2 服务器字符集和排序规则12.3.2 Server Character Set and Collation
12.3.3 数据库字符集和排序规则12.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation
12.3.4 表字符集和排序规则12.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation
12.3.5 列字符集和排序规则12.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation
12.3.6 字符串字面量字符集和排序规则12.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation
12.3.7 国家字符集12.3.7 The National Character Set
12.3.8 字符集引入器12.3.8 Character Set Introducers
12.3.9 字符集和排序规则分配示例12.3.9 Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment
12.3.10 与其他数据库管理系统的兼容性12.3.10 Compatibility with Other DBMSs
12.4 连接字符集和排序规则12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations
12.5 配置应用程序字符集和排序规则12.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation
12.6 错误消息字符集12.6 Error Message Character Set
12.7 列字符集转换12.7 Column Character Set Conversion
12.8 排序规则问题12.8 Collation Issues
12.8.1 在 SQL 语句中使用 COLLATE12.8.1 Using COLLATE in SQL Statements
12.8.2 COLLATE 子句优先级12.8.2 COLLATE Clause Precedence
12.8.3 字符集与排序规则兼容性12.8.3 Character Set and Collation Compatibility
12.8.4 表达式中的排序规则强制性12.8.4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions
12.8.5 二进制排序规则与_bin 排序规则的比较12.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations
12.8.6 排序规则效果的示例12.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation
12.8.7 在 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 搜索中使用排序规则12.8.7 Using Collation in INFORMATION_SCHEMA Searches
12.9 Unicode 支持12.9 Unicode Support
12.9.1 utf8mb4 字符集（4 字节 UTF-8 Unicode 编码）12.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)
12.9.2 utf8mb3 字符集（3 字节 UTF-8 Unicode 编码）12.9.2 The utf8mb3 Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)
12.9.3 utf8 字符集（utf8mb3 的废弃别名）12.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Deprecated alias for utf8mb3)
12.9.4 ucs2 字符集（UCS-2 Unicode 编码）12.9.4 The ucs2 Character Set (UCS-2 Unicode Encoding)
12.9.5 utf16 字符集（UTF-16 Unicode 编码）12.9.5 The utf16 Character Set (UTF-16 Unicode Encoding)
12.9.6 utf16le 字符集（UTF-16LE Unicode 编码）12.9.6 The utf16le Character Set (UTF-16LE Unicode Encoding)
12.9.7 utf32 字符集（UTF-32 Unicode 编码）12.9.7 The utf32 Character Set (UTF-32 Unicode Encoding)
12.9.8 在 3 字节和 4 字节 Unicode 字符集之间转换12.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets
12.10 支持的字符集和排序规则12.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations
12.10.1 Unicode 字符集12.10.1 Unicode Character Sets
12.10.2 西欧字符集12.10.2 West European Character Sets
12.10.3 中欧字符集12.10.3 Central European Character Sets
12.10.4 南欧和中东字符集12.10.4 South European and Middle East Character Sets
12.10.5 波罗的海字符集12.10.5 Baltic Character Sets
12.10.6 西里尔字符集12.10.6 Cyrillic Character Sets
12.10.7 亚洲字符集12.10.7 Asian Character Sets
12.10.8 二进制字符集12.10.8 The Binary Character Set
12.11 字符集的限制12.11 Restrictions on Character Sets
12.12 设置错误信息语言12.12 Setting the Error Message Language
12.13 添加字符集12.13 Adding a Character Set
12.13.1 字符定义数组12.13.1 Character Definition Arrays
12.13.2 复杂字符集的字符串排序支持12.13.2 String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets
12.13.3 复杂字符集的多字节字符支持12.13.3 Multi-Byte Character Support for Complex Character Sets
12.14 向字符集添加排序规则12.14 Adding a Collation to a Character Set
12.14.1 排序实现类型12.14.1 Collation Implementation Types
12.14.2 选择排序规则 ID12.14.2 Choosing a Collation ID
12.14.3 为 8 位字符集添加简单排序规则12.14.3 Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set
12.14.4 为 Unicode 字符集添加 UCA 排序规则12.14.4 Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set
12.15 字符集配置12.15 Character Set Configuration
12.16 MySQL 服务器区域设置支持12.16 MySQL Server Locale Support
13 数据类型13 Data Types
13.1 数值数据类型13.1 Numeric Data Types
13.1.1 数值数据类型语法13.1.1 Numeric Data Type Syntax
13.1.2 整数类型（精确值） - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT13.1.2 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT
13.1.3 定点类型（精确值） - DECIMAL, NUMERIC13.1.3 Fixed-Point Types (Exact Value) - DECIMAL, NUMERIC
13.1.4 浮点类型（近似值） - FLOAT, DOUBLE13.1.4 Floating-Point Types (Approximate Value) - FLOAT, DOUBLE
13.1.5 位值类型 - BIT13.1.5 Bit-Value Type - BIT
13.1.6 数值类型属性13.1.6 Numeric Type Attributes
13.1.7 超出范围和溢出处理13.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling
13.2 日期和时间数据类型13.2 Date and Time Data Types
13.2.1 日期和时间数据类型语法13.2.1 Date and Time Data Type Syntax
13.2.2 DATE、DATETIME 和 TIMESTAMP 类型13.2.2 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types
13.2.3 TIME 类型13.2.3 The TIME Type
13.2.4 YEAR 类型13.2.4 The YEAR Type
13.2.5 TIMESTAMP 和 DATETIME 的自动初始化和更新13.2.5 Automatic Initialization and Updating for TIMESTAMP and DATETIME
13.2.6 时间值中的小数秒13.2.6 Fractional Seconds in Time Values
13.2.7 MySQL 使用的历法13.2.7 What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?
13.2.8 日期和时间类型之间的转换13.2.8 Conversion Between Date and Time Types
13.2.9 日期中的两位数年份13.2.9 2-Digit Years in Dates
13.3 字符串数据类型13.3 String Data Types
13.3.1 字符串数据类型语法13.3.1 String Data Type Syntax
13.3.2 CHAR 和 VARCHAR 类型13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types
13.3.3 BINARY 和 VARBINARY 类型13.3.3 The BINARY and VARBINARY Types
13.3.4 BLOB 和 TEXT 类型13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types
13.3.5 ENUM 类型13.3.5 The ENUM Type
13.3.6 SET 类型13.3.6 The SET Type
13.4 空间数据类型13.4 Spatial Data Types
13.4.1 空间数据类型13.4.1 Spatial Data Types
13.4.2 OpenGIS 几何模型13.4.2 The OpenGIS Geometry Model
13.4.3 支持的空间数据格式13.4.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats
13.4.4 几何的良构性和有效性13.4.4 Geometry Well-Formedness and Validity
13.4.5 空间参考系统支持13.4.5 Spatial Reference System Support
13.4.6 创建空间列13.4.6 Creating Spatial Columns
13.4.7 填充空间列13.4.7 Populating Spatial Columns
13.4.8 获取空间数据13.4.8 Fetching Spatial Data
13.4.9 优化空间分析13.4.9 Optimizing Spatial Analysis
13.4.10 创建空间索引13.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes
13.4.11 使用空间索引13.4.11 Using Spatial Indexes
13.5 JSON 数据类型13.5 The JSON Data Type
13.6 数据类型默认值13.6 Data Type Default Values
13.7 数据类型存储要求13.7 Data Type Storage Requirements
13.8 为列选择合适的类型13.8 Choosing the Right Type for a Column
13.9 使用其他数据库引擎的数据类型13.9 Using Data Types from Other Database Engines
14 函数和运算符14 Functions and Operators
14.1 内置函数和操作符参考14.1 Built-In Function and Operator Reference
14.2 可加载函数参考14.2 Loadable Function Reference
14.3 表达式求值中的类型转换14.3 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
14.4 操作符14.4 Operators
14.4.1 操作符优先级14.4.1 Operator Precedence
14.4.2 比较函数和操作符14.4.2 Comparison Functions and Operators
14.4.3 逻辑运算符14.4.3 Logical Operators
14.4.4 赋值运算符14.4.4 Assignment Operators
14.5 流程控制函数14.5 Flow Control Functions
14.6 数值函数和运算符14.6 Numeric Functions and Operators
14.6.1 算术运算符14.6.1 Arithmetic Operators
14.6.2 数学函数14.6.2 Mathematical Functions
14.7 日期和时间函数14.7 Date and Time Functions
14.8 字符串函数和操作符14.8 String Functions and Operators
14.8.1 字符串比较函数和操作符14.8.1 String Comparison Functions and Operators
14.8.2 正则表达式14.8.2 Regular Expressions
14.8.3 函数结果的字符集和排序规则14.8.3 Character Set and Collation of Function Results
14.9 全文搜索函数14.9 Full-Text Search Functions
14.9.1 自然语言全文搜索14.9.1 Natural Language Full-Text Searches
14.9.2 布尔全文搜索14.9.2 Boolean Full-Text Searches
14.9.3 带查询扩展的全文搜索14.9.3 Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
14.9.4 全文停用词14.9.4 Full-Text Stopwords
14.9.5 全文限制14.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions
14.9.6 微调 MySQL 全文搜索14.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search
14.9.7 为全文索引添加用户定义的排序规则14.9.7 Adding a User-Defined Collation for Full-Text Indexing
14.9.8 ngram 全文解析器14.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser
14.9.9 MeCab 全文解析器插件14.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin
14.10 类型转换函数和操作符14.10 Cast Functions and Operators
14.11 XML 函数14.11 XML Functions
14.12 位函数和操作符14.12 Bit Functions and Operators
14.13 加密和压缩函数14.13 Encryption and Compression Functions
14.14 锁定函数14.14 Locking Functions
14.15 信息函数14.15 Information Functions
14.16 空间分析函数14.16 Spatial Analysis Functions
14.16.1 空间函数参考14.16.1 Spatial Function Reference
14.16.2 空间函数参数处理14.16.2 Argument Handling by Spatial Functions
14.16.3 从 WKT 值创建几何值的函数14.16.3 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKT Values
14.16.4 从 WKB 值创建几何值的函数14.16.4 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKB Values
14.16.5 MySQL 特定的创建几何值函数14.16.5 MySQL-Specific Functions That Create Geometry Values
14.16.6 几何格式转换函数14.16.6 Geometry Format Conversion Functions
14.16.7 几何属性函数14.16.7 Geometry Property Functions
14.16.8 空间操作函数14.16.8 Spatial Operator Functions
14.16.9 测试几何对象空间关系的函数14.16.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects
14.16.10 空间 Geohash 函数14.16.10 Spatial Geohash Functions
14.16.11 空间 GeoJSON 函数14.16.11 Spatial GeoJSON Functions
14.16.12 空间聚合函数14.16.12 Spatial Aggregate Functions
14.16.13 空间便捷函数14.16.13 Spatial Convenience Functions
14.17 JSON 函数14.17 JSON Functions
14.17.1 JSON 函数参考14.17.1 JSON Function Reference
14.17.2 创建 JSON 值的函数14.17.2 Functions That Create JSON Values
14.17.3 搜索 JSON 值的函数14.17.3 Functions That Search JSON Values
14.17.4 修改 JSON 值的函数14.17.4 Functions That Modify JSON Values
14.17.5 返回 JSON 值属性的函数14.17.5 Functions That Return JSON Value Attributes
14.17.6 JSON 表函数14.17.6 JSON Table Functions
14.17.7 JSON 模式验证函数14.17.7 JSON Schema Validation Functions
14.17.8 JSON 实用函数14.17.8 JSON Utility Functions
14.18 复制函数14.18 Replication Functions
14.18.1 组复制函数14.18.1 Group Replication Functions
14.18.2 与全局事务标识符（GTID）一起使用的函数14.18.2 Functions Used with Global Transaction Identifiers (GTIDs)
14.18.3 异步复制通道故障转移函数14.18.3 Asynchronous Replication Channel Failover Functions
14.18.4 基于位置的同步函数14.18.4 Position-Based Synchronization Functions
14.19 聚合函数14.19 Aggregate Functions
14.19.1 聚合函数说明14.19.1 Aggregate Function Descriptions
14.19.2 GROUP BY 修饰符14.19.2 GROUP BY Modifiers
14.19.3 MySQL 对 GROUP BY 的处理14.19.3 MySQL Handling of GROUP BY
14.19.4 功能依赖的检测14.19.4 Detection of Functional Dependence
14.20 窗口函数14.20 Window Functions
14.20.1 窗口函数描述14.20.1 Window Function Descriptions
14.20.2 窗口函数概念和语法14.20.2 Window Function Concepts and Syntax
14.20.3 窗口函数帧规范14.20.3 Window Function Frame Specification
14.20.4 命名窗口14.20.4 Named Windows
14.20.5 窗口函数限制14.20.5 Window Function Restrictions
14.21 性能模式函数14.21 Performance Schema Functions
14.22 内部函数14.22 Internal Functions
14.23 杂项函数14.23 Miscellaneous Functions
14.24 精度数学14.24 Precision Math
14.24.1 数值类型14.24.1 Types of Numeric Values
14.24.2 DECIMAL 数据类型特征14.24.2 DECIMAL Data Type Characteristics
14.24.3 表达式处理14.24.3 Expression Handling
14.24.4 舍入行为14.24.4 Rounding Behavior
14.24.5 精确数学示例14.24.5 Precision Math Examples
15 SQL 语句15 SQL Statements
15.1 数据定义语句15.1 Data Definition Statements
15.1.1 原子数据定义语句支持15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support
15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE 语句15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement
15.1.3 ALTER EVENT 语句15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement
15.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION 语句15.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Statement
15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE 语句15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement
15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP 语句15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement
15.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE 语句15.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
15.1.8 ALTER SERVER 语句15.1.8 ALTER SERVER Statement
15.1.9 ALTER TABLE 语句15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement
15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE 语句15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement
15.1.11 ALTER VIEW 语句15.1.11 ALTER VIEW Statement
15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE 语句15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement
15.1.13 CREATE EVENT 语句15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement
15.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION 语句15.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION Statement
15.1.15 CREATE INDEX 语句15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement
15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP 语句15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement
15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE 和 CREATE FUNCTION 语句15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements
15.1.18 CREATE SERVER 语句15.1.18 CREATE SERVER Statement
15.1.19 CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM 语句15.1.19 CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement
15.1.20 CREATE TABLE 语句15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement
15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE 语句15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement
15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER 语句15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement
15.1.23 CREATE VIEW 语句15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement
15.1.24 DROP DATABASE 语句15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement
15.1.25 DROP EVENT 语句15.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement
15.1.26 DROP FUNCTION 语句15.1.26 DROP FUNCTION Statement
15.1.27 DROP INDEX 语句15.1.27 DROP INDEX Statement
15.1.28 DROP LOGFILE GROUP 语句15.1.28 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement
15.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE 和 DROP FUNCTION 语句15.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements
15.1.30 DROP SERVER 语句15.1.30 DROP SERVER Statement
15.1.31 DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM 语句15.1.31 DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement
15.1.32 DROP TABLE 语句15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement
15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE 语句15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement
15.1.34 DROP TRIGGER 语句15.1.34 DROP TRIGGER Statement
15.1.35 DROP VIEW 语句15.1.35 DROP VIEW Statement
15.1.36 RENAME TABLE 语句15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement
15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE 语句15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
15.2 数据操作语句15.2 Data Manipulation Statements
15.2.1 CALL 语句15.2.1 CALL Statement
15.2.2 DELETE 语句15.2.2 DELETE Statement
15.2.3 DO 语句15.2.3 DO Statement
15.2.4 EXCEPT 子句15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause
15.2.5 HANDLER 语句15.2.5 HANDLER Statement
15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE 语句15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement
15.2.7 INSERT 语句15.2.7 INSERT Statement
15.2.8 INTERSECT 子句15.2.8 INTERSECT Clause
15.2.9 LOAD DATA 语句15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement
15.2.10 LOAD XML 语句15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement
15.2.11 括号查询表达式15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions
15.2.12 REPLACE 语句15.2.12 REPLACE Statement
15.2.13 SELECT 语句15.2.13 SELECT Statement
15.2.14 使用 UNION、INTERSECT 和 EXCEPT 的集合操作15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT
15.2.15 子查询15.2.15 Subqueries
15.2.16 TABLE 语句15.2.16 TABLE Statement
15.2.17 UPDATE 语句15.2.17 UPDATE Statement
15.2.18 UNION 子句15.2.18 UNION Clause
15.2.19 VALUES 语句15.2.19 VALUES Statement
15.2.20 WITH（公共表表达式）15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)
15.3 事务和锁定语句15.3 Transactional and Locking Statements
15.3.1 START TRANSACTION、COMMIT 和 ROLLBACK 语句15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements
15.3.2 无法回滚的语句15.3.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
15.3.3 导致隐式提交的语句15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
15.3.4 SAVEPOINT、ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT 和 RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句15.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements
15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP 和 UNLOCK INSTANCE 语句15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements
15.3.6 LOCK TABLES 和 UNLOCK TABLES 语句15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements
15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION 语句15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement
15.3.8 XA 事务15.3.8 XA Transactions
15.4 复制语句15.4 Replication Statements
15.4.1 控制源服务器的 SQL 语句15.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers
15.4.2 控制副本服务器的 SQL 语句15.4.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers
15.4.3 控制组复制的 SQL 语句15.4.3 SQL Statements for Controlling Group Replication
15.5 预处理语句15.5 Prepared Statements
15.5.1 PREPARE 语句15.5.1 PREPARE Statement
15.5.2 EXECUTE 语句15.5.2 EXECUTE Statement
15.5.3 DEALLOCATE PREPARE 语句15.5.3 DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement
15.6 复合语句语法15.6 Compound Statement Syntax
15.6.1 BEGIN ... END 复合语句15.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound Statement
15.6.2 语句标签15.6.2 Statement Labels
15.6.3 DECLARE 语句15.6.3 DECLARE Statement
15.6.4 存储程序中的变量15.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs
15.6.5 流程控制语句15.6.5 Flow Control Statements
15.6.6 游标15.6.6 Cursors
15.6.7 条件处理15.6.7 Condition Handling
15.6.8 条件处理的限制15.6.8 Restrictions on Condition Handling
15.7 数据库管理语句15.7 Database Administration Statements
15.7.1 账户管理语句15.7.1 Account Management Statements
15.7.2 资源组管理语句15.7.2 Resource Group Management Statements
15.7.3 表维护语句15.7.3 Table Maintenance Statements
15.7.4 组件、插件和可加载函数语句15.7.4 Component, Plugin, and Loadable Function Statements
15.7.5 CLONE 语句15.7.5 CLONE Statement
15.7.6 SET 语句15.7.6 SET Statements
15.7.7 SHOW 语句15.7.7 SHOW Statements
15.7.8 其他管理语句15.7.8 Other Administrative Statements
15.8 实用语句15.8 Utility Statements
15.8.1 DESCRIBE 语句15.8.1 DESCRIBE Statement
15.8.2 EXPLAIN 语句15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement
15.8.3 HELP 语句15.8.3 HELP Statement
15.8.4 USE 语句15.8.4 USE Statement
16 MySQL 数据字典16 MySQL Data Dictionary
16.1 数据字典模式16.1 Data Dictionary Schema
16.2 基于文件的元数据存储移除16.2 Removal of File-based Metadata Storage
16.3 字典数据的事务性存储16.3 Transactional Storage of Dictionary Data
16.4 字典对象缓存16.4 Dictionary Object Cache
16.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 与数据字典集成16.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration
16.6 序列化字典信息（SDI）16.6 Serialized Dictionary Information (SDI)
16.7 数据字典使用差异16.7 Data Dictionary Usage Differences
16.8 数据字典限制16.8 Data Dictionary Limitations
17 InnoDB 存储引擎17 The InnoDB Storage Engine
17.1 InnoDB 简介17.1 Introduction to InnoDB
17.1.1 使用 InnoDB 表的好处17.1.1 Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables
17.1.2 InnoDB 表的最佳实践17.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables
17.1.3 验证 InnoDB 是否为默认存储引擎17.1.3 Verifying that InnoDB is the Default Storage Engine
17.1.4 使用 InnoDB 进行测试和基准测试17.1.4 Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB
17.2 InnoDB 与 ACID 模型17.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model
17.3 InnoDB 多版本控制17.3 InnoDB Multi-Versioning
17.4 InnoDB 架构17.4 InnoDB Architecture
17.5 InnoDB 内存结构17.5 InnoDB In-Memory Structures
17.5.1 缓冲池17.5.1 Buffer Pool
17.5.2 变更缓冲17.5.2 Change Buffer
17.5.3 自适应哈希索引17.5.3 Adaptive Hash Index
17.5.4 日志缓冲17.5.4 Log Buffer
17.6 InnoDB 磁盘结构17.6 InnoDB On-Disk Structures
17.6.1 表17.6.1 Tables
17.6.2 索引17.6.2 Indexes
17.6.3 表空间17.6.3 Tablespaces
17.6.4 双写缓冲区17.6.4 Doublewrite Buffer
17.6.5 重做日志17.6.5 Redo Log
17.6.6 撤销日志17.6.6 Undo Logs
17.7 InnoDB 锁定与事务模型17.7 InnoDB Locking and Transaction Model
17.7.1 InnoDB 锁定17.7.1 InnoDB Locking
17.7.2 InnoDB 事务模型17.7.2 InnoDB Transaction Model
17.7.3 不同 SQL 语句在 InnoDB 中设置的锁17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB
17.7.4 幻影行17.7.4 Phantom Rows
17.7.5 InnoDB 中的死锁17.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB
17.7.6 事务调度17.7.6 Transaction Scheduling
17.8 InnoDB 配置17.8 InnoDB Configuration
17.8.1 InnoDB 启动配置17.8.1 InnoDB Startup Configuration
17.8.2 配置 InnoDB 为只读操作17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation
17.8.3 InnoDB 缓冲池配置17.8.3 InnoDB Buffer Pool Configuration
17.8.4 配置 InnoDB 的线程并发17.8.4 Configuring Thread Concurrency for InnoDB
17.8.5 配置后台 InnoDB I/O 线程的数量17.8.5 Configuring the Number of Background InnoDB I/O Threads
17.8.6 在 Linux 上使用异步 I/O17.8.6 Using Asynchronous I/O on Linux
17.8.7 配置 InnoDB I/O 容量17.8.7 Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity
17.8.8 配置自旋锁轮询17.8.8 Configuring Spin Lock Polling
17.8.9 清除配置17.8.9 Purge Configuration
17.8.10 配置 InnoDB 的优化器统计信息17.8.10 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB
17.8.11 配置索引页的合并阈值17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages
17.8.12 为专用 MySQL 服务器启用自动 InnoDB 配置17.8.12 Enabling Automatic InnoDB Configuration for a Dedicated MySQL Server
17.9 InnoDB 表和页压缩17.9 InnoDB Table and Page Compression
17.9.1 InnoDB 表压缩17.9.1 InnoDB Table Compression
17.9.2 InnoDB 页压缩17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression
17.10 InnoDB 行格式17.10 InnoDB Row Formats
17.11 InnoDB 磁盘 I/O 与文件空间管理17.11 InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management
17.11.1 InnoDB 磁盘 I/O17.11.1 InnoDB Disk I/O
17.11.2 文件空间管理17.11.2 File Space Management
17.11.3 InnoDB 检查点17.11.3 InnoDB Checkpoints
17.11.4 表碎片整理17.11.4 Defragmenting a Table
17.11.5 使用 TRUNCATE TABLE 回收磁盘空间17.11.5 Reclaiming Disk Space with TRUNCATE TABLE
17.12 InnoDB 与在线 DDL17.12 InnoDB and Online DDL
17.12.1 在线 DDL 操作17.12.1 Online DDL Operations
17.12.2 在线 DDL 性能与并发17.12.2 Online DDL Performance and Concurrency
17.12.3 在线 DDL 空间需求17.12.3 Online DDL Space Requirements
17.12.4 在线 DDL 内存管理17.12.4 Online DDL Memory Management
17.12.5 配置在线 DDL 操作的并行线程17.12.5 Configuring Parallel Threads for Online DDL Operations
17.12.6 使用在线 DDL 简化 DDL 语句17.12.6 Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL
17.12.7 在线 DDL 失败条件17.12.7 Online DDL Failure Conditions
17.12.8 在线 DDL 限制17.12.8 Online DDL Limitations
17.13 InnoDB 静态数据加密17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption
17.14 InnoDB 启动选项与系统变量17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
17.15 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表17.15 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
17.15.1 关于压缩的 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表17.15.1 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables about Compression
17.15.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 事务与锁信息17.15.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Transaction and Locking Information
17.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 模式对象表17.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema Object Tables
17.15.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 全文索引表17.15.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables
17.15.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 缓冲池表17.15.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables
17.15.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 指标表17.15.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table
17.15.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA 临时表信息表17.15.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table
17.15.8 从 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES 检索 InnoDB 表空间元数据17.15.8 Retrieving InnoDB Tablespace Metadata from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
17.16 InnoDB 与 MySQL Performance Schema 集成17.16 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema
17.16.1 使用 Performance Schema 监控 InnoDB 表的 ALTER TABLE 进度17.16.1 Monitoring ALTER TABLE Progress for InnoDB Tables Using Performance Schema
17.16.2 使用 Performance Schema 监控 InnoDB 互斥等待17.16.2 Monitoring InnoDB Mutex Waits Using Performance Schema
17.17 InnoDB 监视器17.17 InnoDB Monitors
17.17.1 InnoDB 监视器类型17.17.1 InnoDB Monitor Types
17.17.2 启用 InnoDB 监视器17.17.2 Enabling InnoDB Monitors
17.17.3 InnoDB 标准监视器和锁监视器输出17.17.3 InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output
17.18 InnoDB 备份和恢复17.18 InnoDB Backup and Recovery
17.18.1 InnoDB 备份17.18.1 InnoDB Backup
17.18.2 InnoDB 恢复17.18.2 InnoDB Recovery
17.19 InnoDB 与 MySQL 复制17.19 InnoDB and MySQL Replication
17.20 InnoDB 故障排除17.20 InnoDB Troubleshooting
17.20.1 解决 InnoDB I/O 问题17.20.1 Troubleshooting InnoDB I/O Problems
17.20.2 解决恢复失败17.20.2 Troubleshooting Recovery Failures
17.20.3 强制 InnoDB 恢复17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery
17.20.4 InnoDB 数据字典操作故障排除17.20.4 Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations
17.20.5 InnoDB 错误处理17.20.5 InnoDB Error Handling
17.21 InnoDB 限制17.21 InnoDB Limits
17.22 InnoDB 限制和局限性17.22 InnoDB Restrictions and Limitations
18 替代存储引擎18 Alternative Storage Engines
18.1 设置存储引擎18.1 Setting the Storage Engine
18.2 MyISAM 存储引擎18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine
18.2.1 MyISAM 启动选项18.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options
18.2.2 键所需空间18.2.2 Space Needed for Keys
18.2.3 MyISAM 表存储格式18.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage Formats
18.2.4 MyISAM 表问题18.2.4 MyISAM Table Problems
18.3 MEMORY 存储引擎18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine
18.4 CSV 存储引擎18.4 The CSV Storage Engine
18.4.1 修复和检查 CSV 表18.4.1 Repairing and Checking CSV Tables
18.4.2 CSV 的限制18.4.2 CSV Limitations
18.5 ARCHIVE 存储引擎18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
18.6 BLACKHOLE 存储引擎18.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine
18.7 MERGE 存储引擎18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine
18.7.1 MERGE 表的优缺点18.7.1 MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages
18.7.2 MERGE 表的问题18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems
18.8 FEDERATED 存储引擎18.8 The FEDERATED Storage Engine
18.8.1 FEDERATED 存储引擎概述18.8.1 FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview
18.8.2 如何创建 FEDERATED 表18.8.2 How to Create FEDERATED Tables
18.8.3 FEDERATED 存储引擎注意事项和提示18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips
18.8.4 FEDERATED 存储引擎资源18.8.4 FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources
18.9 EXAMPLE 存储引擎18.9 The EXAMPLE Storage Engine
18.10 其他存储引擎18.10 Other Storage Engines
18.11 MySQL 存储引擎架构概述18.11 Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture
18.11.1 可插拔存储引擎架构18.11.1 Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture
18.11.2 通用数据库服务器层18.11.2 The Common Database Server Layer
19 复制19 Replication
19.1 配置复制19.1 Configuring Replication
19.1.1 基于二进制日志文件位置的复制配置概述19.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview
19.1.2 设置基于二进制日志文件位置的复制19.1.2 Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication
19.1.3 使用全局事务标识符进行复制19.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers
19.1.4 在线服务器上更改 GTID 模式19.1.4 Changing GTID Mode on Online Servers
19.1.5 MySQL 多源复制19.1.5 MySQL Multi-Source Replication
19.1.6 复制和二进制日志选项与变量19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables
19.1.7 常见的复制管理任务19.1.7 Common Replication Administration Tasks
19.2 复制实现19.2 Replication Implementation
19.2.1 复制格式19.2.1 Replication Formats
19.2.2 复制通道19.2.2 Replication Channels
19.2.3 复制线程19.2.3 Replication Threads
19.2.4 中继日志和复制元数据仓库19.2.4 Relay Log and Replication Metadata Repositories
19.2.5 服务器如何评估复制过滤规则19.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules
19.3 复制安全性19.3 Replication Security
19.3.1 设置复制以使用加密连接19.3.1 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections
19.3.2 加密二进制日志文件和中继日志文件19.3.2 Encrypting Binary Log Files and Relay Log Files
19.3.3 复制权限检查19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks
19.4 复制解决方案19.4 Replication Solutions
19.4.1 使用复制进行备份19.4.1 Using Replication for Backups
19.4.2 处理副本意外停止19.4.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica
19.4.3 行级复制监控19.4.3 Monitoring Row-based Replication
19.4.4 在不同的源和副本存储引擎中使用复制19.4.4 Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines
19.4.5 使用复制进行横向扩展19.4.5 Using Replication for Scale-Out
19.4.6 将不同的数据库复制到不同的副本19.4.6 Replicating Different Databases to Different Replicas
19.4.7 提高复制性能19.4.7 Improving Replication Performance
19.4.8 故障切换期间切换源19.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover
19.4.9 使用异步连接故障转移切换源和副本19.4.9 Switching Sources and Replicas with Asynchronous Connection Failover
19.4.10 半同步复制19.4.10 Semisynchronous Replication
19.4.11 延迟复制19.4.11 Delayed Replication
19.5 复制笔记和技巧19.5 Replication Notes and Tips
19.5.1 复制功能和问题19.5.1 Replication Features and Issues
19.5.2 MySQL 版本之间的复制兼容性19.5.2 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
19.5.3 升级或降级复制拓扑19.5.3 Upgrading or Downgrading a Replication Topology
19.5.4 复制故障排除19.5.4 Troubleshooting Replication
19.5.5 如何报告复制错误或问题19.5.5 How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems
20 组复制20 Group Replication
20.1 组复制背景20.1 Group Replication Background
20.1.1 复制技术20.1.1 Replication Technologies
20.1.2 组复制使用案例20.1.2 Group Replication Use Cases
20.1.3 多主模式和单主模式20.1.3 Multi-Primary and Single-Primary Modes
20.1.4 群组复制服务20.1.4 Group Replication Services
20.1.5 群组复制插件架构20.1.5 Group Replication Plugin Architecture
20.2 入门20.2 Getting Started
20.2.1 在单主模式下部署群组复制20.2.1 Deploying Group Replication in Single-Primary Mode
20.2.2 本地部署群组复制20.2.2 Deploying Group Replication Locally
20.3 要求和限制20.3 Requirements and Limitations
20.3.1 组复制要求20.3.1 Group Replication Requirements
20.3.2 组复制限制20.3.2 Group Replication Limitations
20.4 监控组复制20.4 Monitoring Group Replication
20.4.1 GTID 与组复制20.4.1 GTIDs and Group Replication
20.4.2 组复制服务器状态20.4.2 Group Replication Server States
20.4.3 replication_group_members 表20.4.3 The replication_group_members Table
20.4.4 replication_group_member_stats 表20.4.4 The replication_group_member_stats Table
20.5 组复制操作20.5 Group Replication Operations
20.5.1 配置在线组20.5.1 Configuring an Online Group
20.5.2 重启组20.5.2 Restarting a Group
20.5.3 事务一致性保证20.5.3 Transaction Consistency Guarantees
20.5.4 分布式恢复20.5.4 Distributed Recovery
20.5.5 对 IPv6 及混合 IPv6 和 IPv4 组的支持20.5.5 Support For IPv6 And For Mixed IPv6 And IPv4 Groups
20.5.6 在组复制中使用 MySQL 企业备份20.5.6 Using MySQL Enterprise Backup with Group Replication
20.6 组复制安全20.6 Group Replication Security
20.6.1 连接安全管理的通信堆栈20.6.1 Communication Stack for Connection Security Management
20.6.2 使用安全套接字层 (SSL) 保障组通信连接安全20.6.2 Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
20.6.3 保障分布式恢复连接安全20.6.3 Securing Distributed Recovery Connections
20.6.4 组复制 IP 地址权限20.6.4 Group Replication IP Address Permissions
20.7 组复制性能和故障排除20.7 Group Replication Performance and Troubleshooting
20.7.1 组通信线程的微调20.7.1 Fine Tuning the Group Communication Thread
20.7.2 流量控制20.7.2 Flow Control
20.7.3 单一致性领导者20.7.3 Single Consensus Leader
20.7.4 消息压缩20.7.4 Message Compression
20.7.5 消息分片20.7.5 Message Fragmentation
20.7.6 XCom 缓存管理20.7.6 XCom Cache Management
20.7.7 对故障检测和网络分区的响应20.7.7 Responses to Failure Detection and Network Partitioning
20.7.8 处理网络分区和法定人数丢失20.7.8 Handling a Network Partition and Loss of Quorum
20.7.9 使用性能模式内存仪表监控组复制内存使用情况20.7.9 Monitoring Group Replication Memory Usage with Performance Schema Memory Instrumentation
20.8 升级组复制20.8 Upgrading Group Replication
20.8.1 在组中合并不同成员版本20.8.1 Combining Different Member Versions in a Group
20.8.2 组复制离线升级20.8.2 Group Replication Offline Upgrade
20.8.3 组复制在线升级20.8.3 Group Replication Online Upgrade
20.9 组复制变量20.9 Group Replication Variables
20.9.1 组复制系统变量20.9.1 Group Replication System Variables
20.9.2 组复制状态变量20.9.2 Group Replication Status Variables
20.10 常见问题解答20.10 Frequently Asked Questions
21 MySQL Shell
22 将 MySQL 用作文档存储22 Using MySQL as a Document Store
22.1 MySQL 文档存储的接口22.1 Interfaces to a MySQL Document Store
22.2 文档存储概念22.2 Document Store Concepts
22.3 JavaScript 快速入门指南：用于文档存储的 MySQL Shell22.3 JavaScript Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for Document Store
22.3.1 MySQL Shell
22.3.2 下载并导入 world_x 数据库22.3.2 Download and Import world_x Database
22.3.3 文档和集合22.3.3 Documents and Collections
22.3.4 关系表22.3.4 Relational Tables
22.3.5 表中的文档22.3.5 Documents in Tables
22.4 Python 快速入门：文档存储的 MySQL Shell22.4 Python Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for Document Store
22.4.1 MySQL Shell
22.4.2 下载并导入 world_x 数据库22.4.2 Download and Import world_x Database
22.4.3 文档与集合22.4.3 Documents and Collections
22.4.4 关系表22.4.4 Relational Tables
22.4.5 表中的文档22.4.5 Documents in Tables
22.5 X 插件22.5 X Plugin
22.5.1 检查 X 插件安装22.5.1 Checking X Plugin Installation
22.5.2 禁用 X 插件22.5.2 Disabling X Plugin
22.5.3 使用 X 插件的加密连接22.5.3 Using Encrypted Connections with X Plugin
22.5.4 将 X 插件与缓存 SHA-2 认证插件一起使用22.5.4 Using X Plugin with the Caching SHA-2 Authentication Plugin
22.5.5 X 插件的连接压缩22.5.5 Connection Compression with X Plugin
22.5.6 X 插件选项和变量22.5.6 X Plugin Options and Variables
22.5.7 监控 X 插件22.5.7 Monitoring X Plugin
23 InnoDB 集群23 InnoDB Cluster
24 InnoDB 副本集24 InnoDB ReplicaSet
25 MySQL NDB 集群 8.425 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4
25.1 一般信息25.1 General Information
25.2 NDB 集群概述25.2 NDB Cluster Overview
25.2.1 NDB 集群核心概念25.2.1 NDB Cluster Core Concepts
25.2.2 NDB 集群节点、节点组、片段副本和分区25.2.2 NDB Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Fragment Replicas, and Partitions
25.2.3 NDB 集群硬件、软件和网络要求25.2.3 NDB Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking Requirements
25.2.4 MySQL NDB 集群 8.4 中的新特性25.2.4 What is New in MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4
25.2.5 NDB 8.4 中新增、弃用或移除的选项、变量和参数25.2.5 Options, Variables, and Parameters Added, Deprecated or Removed in NDB 8.4
25.2.6 使用 InnoDB 的 MySQL 服务器与 NDB 集群相比25.2.6 MySQL Server Using InnoDB Compared with NDB Cluster
25.2.7 NDB 集群的已知限制25.2.7 Known Limitations of NDB Cluster
25.3 NDB 集群安装25.3 NDB Cluster Installation
25.3.1 在 Linux 上安装 NDB 集群25.3.1 Installation of NDB Cluster on Linux
25.3.2 在 Windows 上安装 NDB 集群25.3.2 Installing NDB Cluster on Windows
25.3.3 NDB 集群的初始配置25.3.3 Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster
25.3.4 NDB 集群的初次启动25.3.4 Initial Startup of NDB Cluster
25.3.5 带表和数据的 NDB 集群示例25.3.5 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data
25.3.6 NDB 集群的安全关闭和重启25.3.6 Safe Shutdown and Restart of NDB Cluster
25.3.7 NDB 集群的升级与降级25.3.7 Upgrading and Downgrading NDB Cluster
25.4 NDB 集群的配置25.4 Configuration of NDB Cluster
25.4.1 NDB 集群的快速测试设置25.4.1 Quick Test Setup of NDB Cluster
25.4.2 NDB 集群配置参数、选项和变量概述25.4.2 Overview of NDB Cluster Configuration Parameters, Options, and Variables
25.4.3 NDB 集群配置文件25.4.3 NDB Cluster Configuration Files
25.4.4 NDB 集群中使用高速互连25.4.4 Using High-Speed Interconnects with NDB Cluster
25.5 NDB 集群程序25.5 NDB Cluster Programs
25.5.1 ndbd — NDB 集群数据节点守护进程25.5.1 ndbd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon
25.5.2 ndbinfo_select_all — 从 ndbinfo 表中选择25.5.2 ndbinfo_select_all — Select From ndbinfo Tables
25.5.3 ndbmtd — NDB 集群数据节点守护进程（多线程）25.5.3 ndbmtd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)
25.5.4 ndb_mgmd — NDB 集群管理服务器守护进程25.5.4 ndb_mgmd — The NDB Cluster Management Server Daemon
25.5.5 ndb_mgm — NDB 集群管理客户端25.5.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management Client
25.5.6 ndb_blob_tool — 检查和修复 NDB 集群表中的 BLOB 和 TEXT 列25.5.6 ndb_blob_tool — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster Tables
25.5.7 ndb_config — 提取 NDB 集群配置信息25.5.7 ndb_config — Extract NDB Cluster Configuration Information
25.5.8 ndb_delete_all — 删除 NDB 表中的所有行25.5.8 ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table
25.5.9 ndb_desc — 描述 NDB 表25.5.9 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables
25.5.10 ndb_drop_index — 从 NDB 表中删除索引25.5.10 ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table
25.5.11 ndb_drop_table — 删除 NDB 表25.5.11 ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table
25.5.12 ndb_error_reporter — NDB 错误报告工具25.5.12 ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility
25.5.13 ndb_import — 将 CSV 数据导入 NDB25.5.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB
25.5.14 ndb_index_stat — NDB 索引统计工具25.5.14 ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility
25.5.15 ndb_move_data — NDB 数据复制工具25.5.15 ndb_move_data — NDB Data Copy Utility
25.5.16 ndb_perror — 获取 NDB 错误信息25.5.16 ndb_perror — Obtain NDB Error Message Information
25.5.17 ndb_print_backup_file — 打印 NDB 备份文件内容25.5.17 ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents
25.5.18 ndb_print_file — 打印 NDB 磁盘数据文件内容25.5.18 ndb_print_file — Print NDB Disk Data File Contents
25.5.19 ndb_print_frag_file — 打印 NDB 分片列表文件内容25.5.19 ndb_print_frag_file — Print NDB Fragment List File Contents
25.5.20 ndb_print_schema_file — 打印 NDB 模式文件内容25.5.20 ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents
25.5.21 ndb_print_sys_file — 打印 NDB 系统文件内容25.5.21 ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents
25.5.22 ndb_redo_log_reader — 检查并打印集群重做日志内容25.5.22 ndb_redo_log_reader — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log
25.5.23 ndb_restore — 恢复 NDB 集群备份25.5.23 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup
25.5.24 ndb_secretsfile_reader — 从加密的 NDB 数据文件中获取密钥信息25.5.24 ndb_secretsfile_reader — Obtain Key Information from an Encrypted NDB Data File
25.5.25 ndb_select_all — 打印 NDB 表的行25.5.25 ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table
25.5.26 ndb_select_count — 打印 NDB 表的行数25.5.26 ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables
25.5.27 ndb_show_tables — 显示 NDB 表列表25.5.27 ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables
25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — 为 NDB 集群创建、签署和管理 TLS 密钥及证书25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster
25.5.29 ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER 大小需求估算器25.5.29 ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator
25.5.30 ndb_top — 查看 NDB 线程的 CPU 使用信息25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads
25.5.31 ndb_waiter — 等待 NDB 集群达到给定状态25.5.31 ndb_waiter — Wait for NDB Cluster to Reach a Given Status
25.5.32 ndbxfrm — 压缩、解压、加密和解密 NDB 集群创建的文件25.5.32 ndbxfrm — Compress, Decompress, Encrypt, and Decrypt Files Created by NDB Cluster
25.6 NDB 集群管理25.6 Management of NDB Cluster
25.6.1 NDB 集群管理客户端中的命令25.6.1 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client
25.6.2 NDB 集群日志消息25.6.2 NDB Cluster Log Messages
25.6.3 NDB 集群生成的事件报告25.6.3 Event Reports Generated in NDB Cluster
25.6.4 NDB 集群启动阶段摘要25.6.4 Summary of NDB Cluster Start Phases
25.6.5 执行 NDB 集群滚动重启25.6.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster
25.6.6 NDB 集群单用户模式25.6.6 NDB Cluster Single User Mode
25.6.7 在线添加 NDB 集群数据节点25.6.7 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online
25.6.8 NDB 集群的在线备份25.6.8 Online Backup of NDB Cluster
25.6.9 将数据导入 MySQL 集群25.6.9 Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster
25.6.10 NDB 集群的 MySQL 服务器使用25.6.10 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster
25.6.11 NDB 集群磁盘表25.6.11 NDB Cluster Disk Data Tables
25.6.12 使用 ALTER TABLE 在 NDB 集群中进行在线操作25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster
25.6.13 权限同步和 NDB_STORED_USER25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER
25.6.14 NDB API 统计计数器和变量25.6.14 NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables
25.6.15 ndbinfo：NDB 集群信息数据库25.6.15 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database
25.6.16 NDB 集群的 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表25.6.16 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for NDB Cluster
25.6.17 NDB 集群与性能模式25.6.17 NDB Cluster and the Performance Schema
25.6.18 快速参考：NDB 集群 SQL 语句25.6.18 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements
25.6.19 NDB 集群安全25.6.19 NDB Cluster Security
25.7 NDB 集群复制25.7 NDB Cluster Replication
25.7.1 NDB 集群复制：缩略语和符号25.7.1 NDB Cluster Replication: Abbreviations and Symbols
25.7.2 NDB 集群复制的一般要求25.7.2 General Requirements for NDB Cluster Replication
25.7.3 NDB 集群复制中的已知问题25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication
25.7.4 NDB 集群复制的模式和表25.7.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables
25.7.5 为复制准备 NDB 集群25.7.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication
25.7.6 启动 NDB 集群复制（单复制通道）25.7.6 Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)
25.7.7 使用两个复制通道进行 NDB 集群复制25.7.7 Using Two Replication Channels for NDB Cluster Replication
25.7.8 使用 NDB 集群复制实现故障切换25.7.8 Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication
25.7.9 使用 NDB 集群复制进行 NDB 集群备份25.7.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication
25.7.10 NDB 集群复制：双向和循环复制25.7.10 NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication
25.7.11 使用多线程应用器的 NDB 集群复制25.7.11 NDB Cluster Replication Using the Multithreaded Applier
25.7.12 NDB 集群复制冲突解决25.7.12 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution
25.8 NDB 集群发行说明25.8 NDB Cluster Release Notes
26 分区26 Partitioning
26.1 MySQL 分区概览26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL
26.2 分区类型26.2 Partitioning Types
26.2.1 范围分区（RANGE）26.2.1 RANGE Partitioning
26.2.2 列表分区26.2.2 LIST Partitioning
26.2.3 列分区26.2.3 COLUMNS Partitioning
26.2.4 哈希分区26.2.4 HASH Partitioning
26.2.5 键分区26.2.5 KEY Partitioning
26.2.6 子分区26.2.6 Subpartitioning
26.2.7 MySQL 分区如何处理 NULL26.2.7 How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL
26.3 分区管理26.3 Partition Management
26.3.1 RANGE 和 LIST 分区的管理26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions
26.3.2 HASH 和 KEY 分区的管理26.3.2 Management of HASH and KEY Partitions
26.3.3 分区与子分区与表的交换26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables
26.3.4 分区维护26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions
26.3.5 获取分区信息26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions
26.4 分区修剪26.4 Partition Pruning
26.5 分区选择26.5 Partition Selection
26.6 分区的限制和局限性26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning
26.6.1 分区键、主键和唯一键26.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys
26.6.2 与存储引擎相关的分区限制26.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines
26.6.3 与函数相关的分区限制26.6.3 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions
27 存储对象27 Stored Objects
27.1 定义存储程序27.1 Defining Stored Programs
27.2 使用存储例程27.2 Using Stored Routines
27.2.1 存储例程语法27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax
27.2.2 存储例程与 MySQL 权限27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges
27.2.3 存储例程元数据27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata
27.2.4 存储过程、函数、触发器和 LAST_INSERT_ID()27.2.4 Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()
27.3 使用触发器27.3 Using Triggers
27.3.1 触发器语法和示例27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples
27.3.2 触发器元数据27.3.2 Trigger Metadata
27.4 使用事件调度器27.4 Using the Event Scheduler
27.4.1 事件调度器概述27.4.1 Event Scheduler Overview
27.4.2 事件调度器配置27.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration
27.4.3 事件语法27.4.3 Event Syntax
27.4.4 事件元数据27.4.4 Event Metadata
27.4.5 事件调度器状态27.4.5 Event Scheduler Status
27.4.6 事件调度器和 MySQL 权限27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges
27.5 使用视图27.5 Using Views
27.5.1 视图语法27.5.1 View Syntax
27.5.2 视图处理算法27.5.2 View Processing Algorithms
27.5.3 可更新和可插入视图27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views
27.5.4 带检查选项的视图子句27.5.4 The View WITH CHECK OPTION Clause
27.5.5 视图元数据27.5.5 View Metadata
27.6 存储对象访问控制27.6 Stored Object Access Control
27.7 存储程序二进制日志27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging
27.8 存储程序的限制27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs
27.9 视图的限制27.9 Restrictions on Views
28 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表28 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
28.1 介绍28.1 Introduction
28.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表参考28.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Table Reference
28.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 常规表28.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA General Tables
28.3.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 常规表参考28.3.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA General Table Reference
28.3.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS 表28.3.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS Table
28.3.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA APPLICABLE_ROLES 表28.3.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA APPLICABLE_ROLES Table
28.3.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS 表28.3.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table
28.3.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHECK_CONSTRAINTS 表28.3.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHECK_CONSTRAINTS Table
28.3.6 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 校对表28.3.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table
28.3.7 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 校对_字符集_适用性表28.3.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table
28.3.8 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 列表28.3.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table
28.3.9 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 列扩展表28.3.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS_EXTENSIONS Table
28.3.10 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 列权限表28.3.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table
28.3.11 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 列统计表28.3.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_STATISTICS Table
28.3.12 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENABLED_ROLES 表28.3.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENABLED_ROLES Table
28.3.13 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES 表28.3.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table
28.3.14 INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS 表28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table
28.3.15 INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES 表28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table
28.3.16 INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 表28.3.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table
28.3.17 INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEYWORDS 表28.3.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEYWORDS Table
28.3.18 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map 表28.3.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table
28.3.19 INFORMATION_SCHEMA OPTIMIZER_TRACE 表28.3.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA OPTIMIZER_TRACE Table
28.3.20 INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS 表28.3.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table
28.3.21 INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS 表28.3.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table
28.3.22 INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS 表28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table
28.3.23 INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST 表28.3.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table
28.3.24 INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING 表28.3.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table
28.3.25 INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS 表28.3.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table
28.3.26 INFORMATION_SCHEMA RESOURCE_GROUPS 表28.3.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA RESOURCE_GROUPS Table
28.3.27 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS 表28.3.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS Table
28.3.28 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS 表28.3.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS Table
28.3.29 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS 表28.3.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS Table
28.3.30 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES 表28.3.30 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table
28.3.31 INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA 表28.3.31 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table
28.3.32 INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA_EXTENSIONS 表28.3.32 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA_EXTENSIONS Table
28.3.33 INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES 表28.3.33 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table
28.3.34 INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS 表28.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table
28.3.35 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS 表28.3.35 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS Table
28.3.36 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS 表28.3.36 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table
28.3.37 INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_UNITS_OF_MEASURE 表28.3.37 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_UNITS_OF_MEASURE Table
28.3.38 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES 表28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table
28.3.39 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES_EXTENSIONS 表28.3.39 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES_EXTENSIONS Table
28.3.40 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES_EXTENSIONS 表28.3.40 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES_EXTENSIONS Table
28.3.41 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS 表28.3.41 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table
28.3.42 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS_EXTENSIONS 表28.3.42 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS_EXTENSIONS Table
28.3.43 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES 表28.3.43 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table
28.3.44 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS 表28.3.44 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table
28.3.45 INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES 表28.3.45 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES Table
28.3.46 INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES 表28.3.46 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table
28.3.47 INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS 表28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table
28.3.48 INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE 表28.3.48 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE Table
28.3.49 INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEW_TABLE_USAGE 表28.3.49 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEW_TABLE_USAGE Table
28.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB 表28.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB Tables
28.4.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB 表参考28.4.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB Table Reference
28.4.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE 表28.4.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table
28.4.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU 表28.4.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table
28.4.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS 表28.4.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table
28.4.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES 表28.4.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES Table
28.4.6 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP 和 INNODB_CMP_RESET 表28.4.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables
28.4.7 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM 和 INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET 表28.4.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables
28.4.8 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX 和 INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET 表28.4.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX and INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET Tables
28.4.9 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS 表28.4.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS Table
28.4.10 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_DATAFILES 表28.4.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_DATAFILES Table
28.4.11 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FIELDS 表28.4.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FIELDS Table
28.4.12 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN 表28.4.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN Table
28.4.13 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN_COLS 表28.4.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN_COLS Table
28.4.14 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED 表28.4.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table
28.4.15 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG 表28.4.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table
28.4.16 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD 表28.4.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD Table
28.4.17 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED 表28.4.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table
28.4.18 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE 表28.4.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table
28.4.19 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE 表28.4.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table
28.4.20 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES 表28.4.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES Table
28.4.21 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS 表28.4.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS Table
28.4.22 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES 表28.4.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES Table
28.4.23 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES 表28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table
28.4.24 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES 表28.4.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table
28.4.25 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES_BRIEF 表28.4.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES_BRIEF Table
28.4.26 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS 视图28.4.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View
28.4.27 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO 表28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table
28.4.28 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX 表28.4.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table
28.4.29 INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_VIRTUAL 表28.4.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_VIRTUAL Table
28.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 线程池表28.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Thread Pool Tables
28.5.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 线程池表参考28.5.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Thread Pool Table Reference
28.5.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATE 表28.5.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATE Table
28.5.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATS 表28.5.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATS Table
28.5.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_STATE 表28.5.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_STATE Table
28.6 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 连接控制表28.6 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Connection Control Tables
28.6.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 连接控制表参考28.6.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Connection Control Table Reference
28.6.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 表28.6.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS Table
28.7 INFORMATION_SCHEMA MySQL 企业防火墙表28.7 INFORMATION_SCHEMA MySQL Enterprise Firewall Tables
28.7.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 防火墙表参考28.7.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Firewall Table Reference
28.7.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA MYSQL_FIREWALL_USERS 表28.7.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA MYSQL_FIREWALL_USERS Table
28.7.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA MYSQL_FIREWALL_WHITELIST 表28.7.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA MYSQL_FIREWALL_WHITELIST Table
28.8 SHOW 语句扩展28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements
29 MySQL 性能模式29 MySQL Performance Schema
29.1 Performance Schema 快速入门29.1 Performance Schema Quick Start
29.2 Performance Schema 构建配置29.2 Performance Schema Build Configuration
29.3 Performance Schema 启动配置29.3 Performance Schema Startup Configuration
29.4 Performance Schema 运行时配置29.4 Performance Schema Runtime Configuration
29.4.1 Performance Schema 事件计时29.4.1 Performance Schema Event Timing
29.4.2 Performance Schema 事件过滤29.4.2 Performance Schema Event Filtering
29.4.3 事件预过滤29.4.3 Event Pre-Filtering
29.4.4 按工具预过滤29.4.4 Pre-Filtering by Instrument
29.4.5 按对象预过滤29.4.5 Pre-Filtering by Object
29.4.6 按线程预过滤29.4.6 Pre-Filtering by Thread
29.4.7 按消费者预过滤29.4.7 Pre-Filtering by Consumer
29.4.8 示例消费者配置29.4.8 Example Consumer Configurations
29.4.9 为筛选操作命名仪器或消费者29.4.9 Naming Instruments or Consumers for Filtering Operations
29.4.10 确定哪些内容已被仪器化29.4.10 Determining What Is Instrumented
29.5 性能模式查询29.5 Performance Schema Queries
29.6 性能模式仪器命名约定29.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions
29.7 性能模式状态监控29.7 Performance Schema Status Monitoring
29.8 性能模式原子和分子事件29.8 Performance Schema Atom and Molecule Events
29.9 当前和历史事件的性能模式表29.9 Performance Schema Tables for Current and Historical Events
29.10 性能模式语句摘要和抽样29.10 Performance Schema Statement Digests and Sampling
29.11 性能模式一般表特性29.11 Performance Schema General Table Characteristics
29.12 性能模式表描述29.12 Performance Schema Table Descriptions
29.12.1 性能模式表参考29.12.1 Performance Schema Table Reference
29.12.2 性能模式设置表29.12.2 Performance Schema Setup Tables
29.12.3 性能模式实例表29.12.3 Performance Schema Instance Tables
29.12.4 性能模式等待事件表29.12.4 Performance Schema Wait Event Tables
29.12.5 性能模式阶段事件表29.12.5 Performance Schema Stage Event Tables
29.12.6 性能模式语句事件表29.12.6 Performance Schema Statement Event Tables
29.12.7 性能模式事务表29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables
29.12.8 性能模式连接表29.12.8 Performance Schema Connection Tables
29.12.9 性能模式连接属性表29.12.9 Performance Schema Connection Attribute Tables
29.12.10 性能模式用户定义变量表29.12.10 Performance Schema User-Defined Variable Tables
29.12.11 性能模式复制表29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables
29.12.12 性能模式 NDB 集群表29.12.12 Performance Schema NDB Cluster Tables
29.12.13 性能模式锁表29.12.13 Performance Schema Lock Tables
29.12.14 性能模式系统变量表29.12.14 Performance Schema System Variable Tables
29.12.15 性能模式状态变量表29.12.15 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables
29.12.16 性能模式线程池表29.12.16 Performance Schema Thread Pool Tables
29.12.17 性能模式防火墙表29.12.17 Performance Schema Firewall Tables
29.12.18 性能模式密钥环表29.12.18 Performance Schema Keyring Tables
29.12.19 性能模式克隆表29.12.19 Performance Schema Clone Tables
29.12.20 性能模式汇总表29.12.20 Performance Schema Summary Tables
29.12.21 性能模式遥测表29.12.21 Performance Schema Telemetry Tables
29.12.22 性能模式其他表29.12.22 Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables
29.13 性能模式选项和变量参考29.13 Performance Schema Option and Variable Reference
29.14 性能模式命令选项29.14 Performance Schema Command Options
29.15 性能模式系统变量29.15 Performance Schema System Variables
29.16 性能模式状态变量29.16 Performance Schema Status Variables
29.17 性能模式内存分配模型29.17 The Performance Schema Memory-Allocation Model
29.18 性能模式与插件29.18 Performance Schema and Plugins
29.19 使用性能模式诊断问题29.19 Using the Performance Schema to Diagnose Problems
29.19.1 使用性能模式进行查询分析29.19.1 Query Profiling Using Performance Schema
29.19.2 获取父事件信息29.19.2 Obtaining Parent Event Information
29.20 性能模式的限制29.20 Restrictions on Performance Schema
30 MySQL sys 架构30 MySQL sys Schema
30.1 使用 sys 架构的先决条件30.1 Prerequisites for Using the sys Schema
30.2 使用 sys 架构30.2 Using the sys Schema
30.3 sys 架构进度报告30.3 sys Schema Progress Reporting
30.4 sys 架构对象参考30.4 sys Schema Object Reference
30.4.1 sys 架构对象索引30.4.1 sys Schema Object Index
30.4.2 sys 架构表和触发器30.4.2 sys Schema Tables and Triggers
30.4.3 sys 架构视图30.4.3 sys Schema Views
30.4.4 sys 架构存储过程30.4.4 sys Schema Stored Procedures
30.4.5 sys 架构存储函数30.4.5 sys Schema Stored Functions
31 连接器和 API31 Connectors and APIs
31.1 MySQL 连接器/C++31.1 MySQL Connector/C++
31.2 MySQL 连接器/J31.2 MySQL Connector/J
31.3 MySQL 连接器/NET31.3 MySQL Connector/NET
31.4 MySQL 连接器/ODBC31.4 MySQL Connector/ODBC
31.5 MySQL 连接器/Python31.5 MySQL Connector/Python
31.6 MySQL 连接器/Node.js31.6 MySQL Connector/Node.js
31.7 MySQL C API
31.8 MySQL PHP API
31.9 MySQL Perl API
31.10 MySQL Python API
31.11 MySQL Ruby APIs
31.11.1 The MySQL/Ruby API
31.11.2 The Ruby/MySQL API
31.12 MySQL Tcl API
31.13 MySQL Eiffel 封装31.13 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
32 MySQL 企业版32 MySQL Enterprise Edition
32.1 MySQL 企业备份概述32.1 MySQL Enterprise Backup Overview
32.2 MySQL 企业安全概述32.2 MySQL Enterprise Security Overview
32.3 MySQL 企业加密概述32.3 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Overview
32.4 MySQL 企业审计概述32.4 MySQL Enterprise Audit Overview
32.5 MySQL 企业防火墙概述32.5 MySQL Enterprise Firewall Overview
32.6 MySQL 企业线程池概述32.6 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool Overview
32.7 MySQL 企业数据掩码与去标识化概述32.7 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Overview
32.8 MySQL 遥测32.8 MySQL Telemetry
33 MySQL 工作台33 MySQL Workbench
34 OCI Marketplace 上的 MySQL34 MySQL on OCI Marketplace
34.1 在 Oracle 云基础设施上部署 MySQL EE 的前提条件34.1 Prerequisites to Deploying MySQL EE on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
34.2 在 Oracle 云基础设施上部署 MySQL EE34.2 Deploying MySQL EE on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
34.3 配置网络访问34.3 Configuring Network Access
34.4 连接34.4 Connecting
34.5 维护34.5 Maintenance
35 遥测35 Telemetry
35.1 安装 OpenTelemetry 支持35.1 Installing OpenTelemetry Support
35.2 遥测变量35.2 Telemetry Variables
35.3 OpenTelemetry 跟踪35.3 OpenTelemetry Trace
35.3.1 配置跟踪遥测35.3.1 Configuring Trace Telemetry
35.3.2 跟踪格式35.3.2 Trace Format
35.4 OpenTelemetry 指标35.4 OpenTelemetry Metrics
35.4.1 配置指标遥测35.4.1 Configuring Metrics Telemetry
35.4.2 服务器计量器35.4.2 Server Meters
35.4.3 服务器指标35.4.3 Server Metrics
35.5 OpenTelemetry 日志35.5 OpenTelemetry Logging
35.5.1 配置日志遥测35.5.1 Configuring Log Telemetry
MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答A MySQL 8.4 Frequently Asked Questions
A.1 MySQL 8.4 FAQ：常规A.1 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: General
A.2 MySQL 8.4 FAQ：存储引擎A.2 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Storage Engines
A.3 MySQL 8.4 FAQ：服务器 SQL 模式A.3 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Server SQL Mode
A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ：存储过程和函数A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions
A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ：触发器A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers
A.6 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：视图A.6 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Views
A.7 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：INFORMATION_SCHEMAA.7 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: INFORMATION_SCHEMA
A.8 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：迁移A.8 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Migration
A.9 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：安全性A.9 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Security
A.10 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：NDB 集群A.10 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster
A.11 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：MySQL 中文、日文和韩文字集A.11 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets
A.12 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：连接器与 APIA.12 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Connectors & APIs
A.13 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：C API，libmysqlA.13 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: C API, libmysql
A.14 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：复制A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication
A.15 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：MySQL 企业线程池A.15 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool
A.16 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：InnoDB 更改缓冲区A.16 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Change Buffer
A.17 MySQL 8.4 常见问题解答：InnoDB 静态数据加密A.17 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption
A.18 MySQL 8.4 常见问题：虚拟化支持A.18 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Virtualization Support
B 错误消息与常见问题B Error Messages and Common Problems
B.1 错误消息来源与元素B.1 Error Message Sources and Elements
B.2 错误信息接口B.2 Error Information Interfaces
B.3 问题与常见错误B.3 Problems and Common Errors
B.3.1 如何确定导致问题的原因B.3.1 How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem
B.3.2 使用 MySQL 程序时的常见错误B.3.2 Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs
B.3.3 管理相关问题B.3.3 Administration-Related Issues
B.3.4 查询相关问题B.3.4 Query-Related Issues
B.3.5 优化器相关问题B.3.5 Optimizer-Related Issues
B.3.6 表定义相关问题B.3.6 Table Definition-Related Issues
B.3.7 MySQL 已知问题B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL
C 索引C Indexes
常规索引General Index
C 函数索引C Function Index
命令索引Command Index
函数索引Function Index
INFORMATION_SCHEMA 索引INFORMATION_SCHEMA Index
连接类型索引Join Types Index
运算符索引Operator Index
选项索引Option Index
权限索引Privileges Index
SQL 模式索引SQL Modes Index
语句/语法索引Statement/Syntax Index
状态变量索引Status Variable Index
系统变量索引System Variable Index
事务隔离级别索引Transaction Isolation Level Index
MySQL 术语表MySQL Glossary

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