为每个数据库指定字符设置。例如，使用一个数据库的应用程序可能使用默认的 utf8mb4，而使用另一个数据库的应用程序可能使用 sjis。Specify character settings per database. For example, applications that use one database might use the default of utf8mb4, whereas applications that use another database might use sjis.

在服务器启动时指定字符设置。这将导致服务器对所有未做其他安排的应用程序使用给定的设置。Specify character settings at server startup. This causes the server to use the given settings for all applications that do not make other arrangements.

如果您从源代码构建 MySQL，可以在配置时指定字符设置。这将导致服务器将给定的设置用作所有应用程序的默认值，而无需在服务器启动时指定它们。Specify character settings at configuration time, if you build MySQL from source. This causes the server to use the given settings as the defaults for all applications, without having to specify them at server startup.

为每个数据库指定字符设置。 要创建一个数据库，使其表在数据存储时使用给定的默认字符集和校对规则，请使用如下 CREATE DATABASE 语句：Specify character settings per database.  To create a database such that its tables use a given default character set and collation for data storage, use a CREATE DATABASE statement like this:

CREATE DATABASE mydb
  CHARACTER SET latin1
  COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci;

在该数据库中创建的表在任何字符列上默认使用 latin1 和 latin1_swedish_ci。Tables created in the database use latin1 and latin1_swedish_ci by default for any character columns.

使用数据库的应用程序每次连接时也应该配置它们的服务器连接。这可以通过在连接后执行 SET NAMES 'latin1' 语句来完成。该语句可以在任何连接方式下使用（无论是 mysql 客户端、PHP 脚本等）。Applications that use the database should also configure their connection to the server each time they connect. This can be done by executing a SET NAMES 'latin1' statement after connecting. The statement can be used regardless of connection method (the mysql client, PHP scripts, and so forth).

在某些情况下，可能可以通过其他方式配置连接以使用所需的字符集。例如，要使用 mysql 连接，可以指定--default-character-set=latin1 命令行选项，以实现与 SET NAMES 'latin1' 相同的效果。In some cases, it may be possible to configure the connection to use the desired character set some other way. For example, to connect using mysql, you can specify the --default-character-set=latin1 command-line option to achieve the same effect as SET NAMES 'latin1'.

有关配置客户端连接的更多信息，请参见 第 12.4 节，“连接字符集和校对规则”。For more information about configuring client connections, see Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”.

在服务器启动时指定字符设置。 要在服务器启动时选择字符集和排序规则，请使用 --character-set-server 和 --collation-server 选项。例如，要在选项文件中指定这些选项，请包含以下行：Specify character settings at server startup.  To select a character set and collation at server startup, use the --character-set-server and --collation-server options. For example, to specify the options in an option file, include these lines:

[mysqld]
character-set-server=latin1
collation-server=latin1_swedish_ci

这些设置适用于整个服务器，并作为由任何应用程序创建的数据库以及在这些数据库中创建的表的默认设置。These settings apply server-wide and apply as the defaults for databases created by any application, and for tables created in those databases.

应用程序在连接后仍然需要使用SET NAMES或等效方法配置其连接，如前面所述。您可能会想通过--init_connect="SET NAMES 'latin1'"选项启动服务器，以便在每个客户端连接时自动执行SET NAMES。然而，这可能会产生不一致的结果，因为具有CONNECTION_ADMIN权限（或已弃用的SUPER权限）的用户不会执行init_connect的值。It is still necessary for applications to configure their connection using SET NAMES or equivalent after they connect, as described previously. You might be tempted to start the server with the --init_connect="SET NAMES 'latin1'" option to cause SET NAMES to be executed automatically for each client that connects. However, this may yield inconsistent results because the init_connect value is not executed for users who have the CONNECTION_ADMIN privilege (or the deprecated SUPER privilege).

在 MySQL 配置时指定字符设置。 如果您从源码配置并构建 MySQL，要选择字符集和排序规则，请使用 DEFAULT_CHARSET 和 DEFAULT_COLLATION CMake 选项：Specify character settings at MySQL configuration time.  To select a character set and collation if you configure and build MySQL from source, use the DEFAULT_CHARSET and DEFAULT_COLLATION CMake options:

cmake . -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=latin1 \
  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=latin1_swedish_ci

生成的服务器使用 latin1 和 latin1_swedish_ci 作为数据库和表以及客户端连接的默认值。在服务器启动时无需使用 --character-set-server 和 --collation-server 来指定这些默认值。应用程序在连接到服务器后也无需使用 SET NAMES 或等效命令来配置其连接。The resulting server uses latin1 and latin1_swedish_ci as the default for databases and tables and for client connections. It is unnecessary to use --character-set-server and --collation-server to specify those defaults at server startup. It is also unnecessary for applications to configure their connection using SET NAMES or equivalent after they connect to the server.