第 2 章安装 MySQLChapter 2 Installing MySQL

确定您的平台是否运行并支持 MySQL。Determine whether MySQL runs and is supported on your platform.

请注意，并非所有平台都同样适合运行 MySQL，并且并非所有已知运行 MySQL 的平台都得到 Oracle 公司的正式支持。有关官方支持的平台的信息，请参阅 MySQL 网站上的 https://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html。Please note that not all platforms are equally suitable for running MySQL, and that not all platforms on which MySQL is known to run are officially supported by Oracle Corporation. For information about those platforms that are officially supported, see https://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html on the MySQL website.

选择要安装的轨道。Choose which track to install.

MySQL 提供了 LTS 系列，例如 MySQL 8.4 和创新系列。它们解决了不同的用例，如 第 1.3 节“MySQL 版本：创新和 LTS” 中所述。MySQL offers an LTS series, such as MySQL 8.4, and an Innovation series. They address different use cases as described at Section 1.3, “MySQL Releases: Innovation and LTS”.

选择要安装的发行版。Choose which distribution to install.

MySQL 有多个版本，并且大多数版本都以多种发行版格式提供。您可以从包含二进制（预编译）程序或源代码的预打包发行版中进行选择。如有疑问，请使用二进制发行版。 Oracle 还为那些想要查看最新开发和测试新代码的人提供对 MySQL 源代码的访问。要确定应使用哪个版本和类型的发行版，请参阅第 2.1.2 节“要安装哪个 MySQL 版本和发行版”。Several versions of MySQL are available, and most are available in several distribution formats. You can choose from pre-packaged distributions containing binary (precompiled) programs or source code. When in doubt, use a binary distribution. Oracle also provides access to the MySQL source code for those who want to see recent developments and test new code. To determine which version and type of distribution you should use, see Section 2.1.2, “Which MySQL Version and Distribution to Install”.

下载要安装的发行版。Download the distribution that you want to install.

有关说明，请参阅第 2.1.3 节“如何获取 MySQL”。要验证分发的完整性，请使用第 2.1.4 节“使用 MD5 校验和或 GnuPG 验证包完整性”中的说明。For instructions, see Section 2.1.3, “How to Get MySQL”. To verify the integrity of the distribution, use the instructions in Section 2.1.4, “Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG”.

安装Install the distribution.

要从二进制发行版安装 MySQL，请使用第 2.2 节“使用通用二进制文件在 Unix/Linux 上安装 MySQL” 中的说明。或者，使用安全部署指南，它提供了部署 MySQL Enterprise Edition Server 通用二进制发行版的过程，并具有管理 MySQL 安装安全性的功能。To install MySQL from a binary distribution, use the instructions in Section 2.2, “Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries”. Alternatively, use the Secure Deployment Guide, which provides procedures for deploying a generic binary distribution of MySQL Enterprise Edition Server with features for managing the security of your MySQL installation.

要从源发行版或当前开发源代码树安装 MySQL，请使用第 2.8 节，“从源代码安装 MySQL”。To install MySQL from a source distribution or from the current development source tree, use the instructions in Section 2.8, “Installing MySQL from Source”.

执行任何必要的安装后设置。Perform any necessary postinstallation setup.

安装 MySQL 后，请参阅第 2.9 节“安装后设置和测试”，了解有关确保 MySQL 服务器正常工作的信息。另请参阅第 2.9.4 节“保护初始 MySQL 帐户”中提供的信息。本节介绍如何保护初始 MySQL root 用户帐户，在您分配密码之前 没有密码。无论您使用二进制还是源代码发行版安装 MySQL，本节均适用。After installing MySQL, see Section 2.9, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”, for information about making sure the MySQL server is working properly. Also refer to the information provided in Section 2.9.4, “Securing the Initial MySQL Account”. This section describes how to secure the initial MySQL root user account, which has no password until you assign one. The section applies whether you install MySQL using a binary or source distribution.

如果要运行 MySQL 基准测试脚本，则必须提供对 MySQL 的 Perl 支持。请参阅第 2.10 节“Perl 安装说明”。If you want to run the MySQL benchmark scripts, Perl support for MySQL must be available. See Section 2.10, “Perl Installation Notes”.