MySQL :: MySQL 8.4 参考手册 :: 28.3.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER

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CHARACTER_SETS 表提供关于可用字符集的信息。The CHARACTER_SETS table provides information about available character sets.

CHARACTER_SETS 表包含以下列：The CHARACTER_SETS table has these columns:

CHARACTER_SET_NAME
字符集名称。The character set name.
DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME
该字符集的默认排序规则。The default collation for the character set.
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
字符集的描述。A description of the character set.
MAXLEN
存储一个字符所需的最大字节数。The maximum number of bytes required to store one character.

字符集信息也可以通过 SHOW CHARACTER SET 语句获取。参见第 15.7.7.4 节，“SHOW CHARACTER SET 语句”。以下语句等效：Character set information is also available from the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement. See Section 15.7.7.4, “SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement”. The following statements are equivalent:

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_SETS
  [WHERE CHARACTER_SET_NAME LIKE 'wild']

SHOW CHARACTER SET
  [LIKE 'wild']