在表名后提供一个括号括起的逗号分隔列名列表。在此情况下，VALUES 列表、VALUES ROW() 列表或 SELECT 语句必须为每个列提供值。对于 INSERT TABLE 形式，源表的列数必须与要插入的列数匹配。Provide a parenthesized list of comma-separated column names following the table name. In this case, a value for each named column must be provided by the VALUES list, VALUES ROW() list, or SELECT statement. For the INSERT TABLE form, the number of columns in the source table must match the number of columns to be inserted.

如果未为 INSERT ... VALUES 或 INSERT ... SELECT 指定列名列表，则表中的每一列必须由 VALUES 列表、SELECT 语句或 TABLE 语句提供值。如果不知道表中列的顺序，请使用 DESCRIBE tbl_name 来查看。If you do not specify a list of column names for INSERT ... VALUES or INSERT ... SELECT, values for every column in the table must be provided by the VALUES list, SELECT statement, or TABLE statement. If you do not know the order of the columns in the table, use DESCRIBE tbl_name to find out.

SET 子句通过列名显式指明列及其要赋的值。A SET clause indicates columns explicitly by name, together with the value to assign each one.

如果未启用严格 SQL 模式，任何未显式指定值的列将设置为其默认值（显式或隐式）。例如，如果指定的列列表并未列出表中的所有列，则未命名的列将设置为其默认值。默认值分配请参见 第 13.6 节，“数据类型默认值”。If strict SQL mode is not enabled, any column not explicitly given a value is set to its default (explicit or implicit) value. For example, if you specify a column list that does not name all the columns in the table, unnamed columns are set to their default values. Default value assignment is described in Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”.

如果启用严格 SQL 模式，当 INSERT 语句未为没有默认值的每一列指定显式值时，会生成错误。请参见 第 7.1.11 节，“服务器 SQL 模式”。If strict SQL mode is enabled, an INSERT statement generates an error if it does not specify an explicit value for every column that has no default value. See Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”.

如果列列表和 VALUES 列表都为空，INSERT 会创建一个所有列均设置为默认值的行：If both the column list and the VALUES list are empty, INSERT creates a row with each column set to its default value:

INSERT INTO tbl_name () VALUES();

如果没有启用严格模式，MySQL 会对没有明确定义默认值的列使用隐式默认值。如果启用严格模式，则如果任何列没有默认值，就会发生错误。If strict mode is not enabled, MySQL uses the implicit default value for any column that has no explicitly defined default. If strict mode is enabled, an error occurs if any column has no default value.

使用关键字 DEFAULT，将列明确设置为其默认值。这样可以更容易写入 INSERT 语句，这些语句可以为除少数列外的所有列分配值，因为这样你就能避免写出不完整的 VALUES 列表，而该列表中没有包含表格中每一列的值。否则，你必须提供 VALUES列表。Use the keyword DEFAULT to set a column explicitly to its default value. This makes it easier to write INSERT statements that assign values to all but a few columns, because it enables you to avoid writing an incomplete VALUES list that does not include a value for each column in the table. Otherwise, you must provide the list of column names corresponding to each value in the VALUES list.

如果显式插入生成列，唯一允许的值是 DEFAULT有关生成列的信息，请参见 第 15.1.20.8 节，“创建 TABLE 和生成列”If a generated column is inserted into explicitly, the only permitted value is DEFAULT. For information about generated columns, see Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”.

在表达式中，你可以使用DEFAULT(col_name)为列生成默认值col_name.In expressions, you can use DEFAULT(col_name) to produce the default value for column col_name.

expr如果表达式数据类型与列数据类型不匹配，可能会发生表达式 expr 的类型转换。给定值的转换可能导致插入不同的值，具体取决于列类型。例如，将字符串 '1999.0e-2' 插入 INT， FLOATDECIMAL(10,6)，或 YEAR列插入 1999，19.992119.992100，或 1999。存储在 INT 和 YEAR 列为 1999，因为字符串转数字只查看字符串初始部分的有效整数或年份。对于FLOAT 和 DECIMAL 列），字符串到数字的转换视整个字符串为有效数值。Type conversion of an expression expr that provides a column value might occur if the expression data type does not match the column data type. Conversion of a given value can result in different inserted values depending on the column type. For example, inserting the string '1999.0e-2' into an INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL(10,6), or YEAR column inserts the value 1999, 19.9921, 19.992100, or 1999, respectively. The value stored in the INT and YEAR columns is 1999 because the string-to-number conversion looks only at as much of the initial part of the string as may be considered a valid integer or year. For the FLOAT and DECIMAL columns, the string-to-number conversion considers the entire string a valid numeric value.

一个表达式expr可以引用之前在值列表中设置的任何列。例如，你可以这样做，因为该值用于col2引用col1，它之前已经被分配：An expression expr can refer to any column that was set earlier in a value list. For example, you can do this because the value for col2 refers to col1, which has previously been assigned:

INSERT INTO tbl_name (col1,col2) VALUES(15,col1*2);

但以下内容不合法，因为 col1指向 col2，该值是在 col1的But the following is not legal, because the value for col1 refers to col2, which is assigned after col1:

INSERT INTO tbl_name (col1,col2) VALUES(col2*2,15);

：对于包含 AUTO_INCREMENT 值的列存在例外。由于 AUTO_INCREMENT 值是在其他值赋值后生成的，任何对 AUTO_INCREMENT列的引用都会返回 0。An exception occurs for columns that contain AUTO_INCREMENT values. Because AUTO_INCREMENT values are generated after other value assignments, any reference to an AUTO_INCREMENT column in the assignment returns a 0.

插入NULL到已声明的列NOT NULL中。对于多行INSERT语句或INSERT INTO ... SELECT语句，该列会被设置为列数据类型的隐式默认值。对于数值类型这是0，对于字符串类型是空字符串（''），对于日期和时间类型是“零”值。INSERT INTO ... SELECT语句的处理方式与多行插入相同，因为服务器不会检查来自SELECT的结果集，以确定它是否返回单行。(对于单行INSERT，当NULL插入到NOT NULL列时，不会产生警告。相反，该语句会以错误失败。)Inserting NULL into a column that has been declared NOT NULL. For multiple-row INSERT statements or INSERT INTO ... SELECT statements, the column is set to the implicit default value for the column data type. This is 0 for numeric types, the empty string ('') for string types, and the “zero” value for date and time types. INSERT INTO ... SELECT statements are handled the same way as multiple-row inserts because the server does not examine the result set from the SELECT to see whether it returns a single row. (For a single-row INSERT, no warning occurs when NULL is inserted into a NOT NULL column. Instead, the statement fails with an error.)

将数值列设置为超出列范围的值。该值会被裁剪到范围的最近端点。Setting a numeric column to a value that lies outside the column range. The value is clipped to the closest endpoint of the range.

将类似 '10.34 a' 的值赋给数值列。尾随的非数字文本将被去除，剩下的数字部分插入。如果字符串值没有前导数字部分，列将被设置为 0。Assigning a value such as '10.34 a' to a numeric column. The trailing nonnumeric text is stripped off and the remaining numeric part is inserted. If the string value has no leading numeric part, the column is set to 0.

向字符串列（CHAR、VARCHAR、TEXT 或 BLOB）插入超过列最大长度的字符串。该值将被截断到列最大长度。Inserting a string into a string column (CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, or BLOB) that exceeds the column maximum length. The value is truncated to the column maximum length.

向日期或时间列插入数据类型非法的值。该列将被设置为该类型的零值。Inserting a value into a date or time column that is illegal for the data type. The column is set to the appropriate zero value for the type.

有关涉及 AUTO_INCREMENT 列值的 INSERT 示例，请参见 第 5.6.9 节，“使用 AUTO_INCREMENT”。For INSERT examples involving AUTO_INCREMENT column values, see Section 5.6.9, “Using AUTO_INCREMENT”.

如果 INSERT 在一个具有 AUTO_INCREMENT，你可以通过使用 LAST_INSERT_ID() SQL 函数，或者 mysql_insert_id() C API 函数来查找该列所用值。If INSERT inserts a row into a table that has an AUTO_INCREMENT column, you can find the value used for that column by using the LAST_INSERT_ID() SQL function or the mysql_insert_id() C API function.

如果你使用 LOW_PRIORITY 修饰符，执行 INSERT 会延迟到没有其他客户端读取该表。这包括在现有客户端读取时开始读取的其他客户端，以及当 INSERT LOW_PRIORITY语句等待时。因此，客户端发出INSERT LOW_PRIORITY等待非常长时间。If you use the LOW_PRIORITY modifier, execution of the INSERT is delayed until no other clients are reading from the table. This includes other clients that began reading while existing clients are reading, and while the INSERT LOW_PRIORITY statement is waiting. It is possible, therefore, for a client that issues an INSERT LOW_PRIORITY statement to wait for a very long time.

LOW_PRIORITY仅影响仅使用表级锁定的存储引擎（如MyISAMMEMORYMERGELOW_PRIORITY affects only storage engines that use only table-level locking (such as MyISAM, MEMORY, and MERGE).

如果你指定 HIGH_PRIORITY，它会覆盖--low-priority-updates option（如果服务器启动时是该选项）。这也会导致并发插入不被使用。参见 第 10.11.3 节，“并发插入”。If you specify HIGH_PRIORITY, it overrides the effect of the --low-priority-updates option if the server was started with that option. It also causes concurrent inserts not to be used. See Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”.

HIGH_PRIORITY 仅影响仅使用表级锁定的存储引擎（例如 MyISAM、MEMORY， MERGEHIGH_PRIORITY affects only storage engines that use only table-level locking (such as MyISAM, MEMORY, and MERGE).

如果你使用 IGNORE 修饰符，执行 INSERT 语句时发生的可忽略错误将被忽略。例如，如果没有IGNORE，如果有行重复了现有的UNIQUE，或PRIMARY KEY VALUE，会导致重复键错误，语句被中止。当IGNORE，该行被丢弃，不会发生错误。被忽略的错误会生成警告。If you use the IGNORE modifier, ignorable errors that occur while executing the INSERT statement are ignored. For example, without IGNORE, a row that duplicates an existing UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY value in the table causes a duplicate-key error and the statement is aborted. With IGNORE, the row is discarded and no error occurs. Ignored errors generate warnings instead.

IGNORE 对分区表中的插入操作有类似的效果，当没有找到与给定值匹配的分区时。如果没有 IGNORE，此类 INSERT 语句会因错误而中止。当使用 INSERT IGNORE 时，包含未匹配值的行会静默插入失败，但匹配的行会被插入。示例参见 第 26.2.2 节，“列表分区”。 IGNORE has a similar effect on inserts into partitioned tables where no partition matching a given value is found. Without IGNORE, such INSERT statements are aborted with an error. When INSERT IGNORE is used, the insert operation fails silently for rows containing the unmatched value, but inserts rows that are matched. For an example, see Section 26.2.2, “LIST Partitioning”.

如果不指定 IGNORE，会触发错误的数据转换会中止语句。使用 IGNORE 时，无效值会调整为最接近的值并插入；会产生警告，但语句不会中止。您可以使用 mysql_info() C API 函数来确定实际插入到表中的行数。Data conversions that would trigger errors abort the statement if IGNORE is not specified. With IGNORE, invalid values are adjusted to the closest values and inserted; warnings are produced but the statement does not abort. You can determine with the mysql_info() C API function how many rows were actually inserted into the table.

更多信息请参见 IGNORE 对语句执行的影响。For more information, see The Effect of IGNORE on Statement Execution.

您可以使用 REPLACE 替代 INSERT 来覆盖旧行。REPLACE 在处理包含重复旧行唯一键值的新行时，相当于 INSERT IGNORE 的对应操作：新行会替换旧行，而不是被丢弃。参见 第 15.2.12 节，“REPLACE 语句”。You can use REPLACE instead of INSERT to overwrite old rows. REPLACE is the counterpart to INSERT IGNORE in the treatment of new rows that contain unique key values that duplicate old rows: The new rows replace the old rows rather than being discarded. See Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”.

如果指定 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE，当插入的行会在 UNIQUE 索引或 PRIMARY KEY 中引起重复值时，会对旧行执行 UPDATE。每行的受影响行数值：如果行作为新行插入，则为 1；如果更新了现有行，则为 2；如果现有行设置为其当前值，则为 0。如果在连接 mysqld 时，为 mysql_real_connect() C API 函数指定了 CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS 标志，当现有行设置为其当前值时，受影响行数值为 1（而不是 0）。参见 第 15.2.7.2 节，“INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE 语句”。If you specify ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and a row is inserted that would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY, an UPDATE of the old row occurs. The affected-rows value per row is 1 if the row is inserted as a new row, 2 if an existing row is updated, and 0 if an existing row is set to its current values. If you specify the CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS flag to the mysql_real_connect() C API function when connecting to mysqld, the affected-rows value is 1 (not 0) if an existing row is set to its current values. See Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”.

INSERT DELAYED 在 MySQL 5.6 中被弃用，计划最终移除。在 MySQL 8.4 中，DELAYED 修饰符被接受但被忽略。请使用 INSERT（不使用 DELAYED）。参见 第 15.2.7.3 节，“INSERT DELAYED Statement”。INSERT DELAYED was deprecated in MySQL 5.6, and is scheduled for eventual removal. In MySQL 8.4, the DELAYED modifier is accepted but ignored. Use INSERT (without DELAYED) instead. See Section 15.2.7.3, “INSERT DELAYED Statement”.