MySQL 8.4 Release Notes
对于 MyISAM 和 InnoDB 表，包含空间数据的列中的搜索操作可以使用 SPATIAL 索引进行优化。最典型的操作是：For MyISAM and
InnoDB tables, search operations in columns
containing spatial data can be optimized using
SPATIAL indexes. The most typical operations
are:
点查询，用于搜索包含给定点的所有对象Point queries that search for all objects that contain a given point
区域查询，用于搜索与给定区域重叠的所有对象Region queries that search for all objects that overlap a given region
MySQL 对空间列的 SPATIAL 索引使用 具有二次分割的 R 树。SPATIAL 索引是使用几何图形的最小外接矩形 (MBR) 构建的。对于大多数几何图形，MBR 是包围几何图形的最小矩形。对于水平或垂直的线串，MBR 是退化为线串的矩形。对于一个点，MBR 是退化为点的矩形。MySQL uses R-Trees with quadratic
splitting for SPATIAL indexes on
spatial columns. A SPATIAL index is built
using the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) of a geometry. For
most geometries, the MBR is a minimum rectangle that surrounds
the geometries. For a horizontal or a vertical linestring, the
MBR is a rectangle degenerated into the linestring. For a point,
the MBR is a rectangle degenerated into the point.
也可以在空间列上创建普通索引。在非 SPATIAL 索引中，除 POINT 列外，必须为任何空间列声明前缀。It is also possible to create normal indexes on spatial columns.
In a non-SPATIAL index, you must declare a
prefix for any spatial column except for
POINT columns.
MyISAM 和 InnoDB 都支持 SPATIAL 和非 SPATIAL 索引。其他存储引擎支持非 SPATIAL 索引，如 第 15.1.15 节，“CREATE INDEX 语句” 所述。MyISAM and InnoDB support
both SPATIAL and
non-SPATIAL indexes. Other storage engines
support non-SPATIAL indexes, as described in
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”.