MySQL 8.4 Release Notes
innochecksum 打印 InnoDB 文件的校验和。该工具读取 InnoDB 表空间文件，计算每个页面的校验和，将计算出的校验和与存储的校验和进行比较，并报告不匹配的情况，这表示页面损坏。它最初是为在断电后加快验证表空间文件完整性而开发的，但也可在文件复制后使用。由于校验和不匹配会导致 InnoDB 故意关闭正在运行的服务器，因此使用此工具可能比等待生产服务器遇到损坏页面更可取。innochecksum prints checksums for
InnoDB files. This tool reads an
InnoDB tablespace file, calculates the
checksum for each page, compares the calculated checksum to the
stored checksum, and reports mismatches, which indicate damaged
pages. It was originally developed to speed up verifying the
integrity of tablespace files after power outages but can also
be used after file copies. Because checksum mismatches cause
InnoDB to deliberately shut down a running
server, it may be preferable to use this tool rather than
waiting for an in-production server to encounter the damaged
pages.
innochecksum 不能用于服务器已经打开的表空间文件。对于这些文件，您应该使用 CHECK TABLE 来检查表空间中的表。尝试在服务器已经打开的表空间上运行 innochecksum 会导致 无法锁定文件 错误。innochecksum cannot be used on tablespace
files that the server already has open. For such files, you
should use CHECK TABLE to check
tables within the tablespace. Attempting to run
innochecksum on a tablespace that the server
already has open results in an Unable to lock
file error.
如果发现校验和不匹配，请从备份中还原表空间，或者启动服务器并尝试使用mysqldump对表空间中的表进行备份。If checksum mismatches are found, restore the tablespace from backup or start the server and attempt to use mysqldump to make a backup of the tables within the tablespace.
像这样调用innochecksum：Invoke innochecksum like this:
innochecksum [options]file_name
innochecksum 选项innochecksum Options
innochecksum 支持以下选项。对于涉及页码的选项，页码从零开始。innochecksum supports the following options. For options that refer to page numbers, the numbers are zero-based.
--help,-?命令行格式Command-Line Format --help--help类型Type 布尔Boolean 默认值Default Value falsefalse显示命令行帮助。示例用法：Displays command line help. Example usage:
innochecksum --help
--info,-I命令行格式Command-Line Format --info类型Type 布尔Boolean 默认值Default Value falsefalse与
--help同义。显示命令行帮助。使用示例：Synonym for--help. Displays command line help. Example usage:innochecksum --info
--version,-V命令行格式Command-Line Format --version类型Type 布尔Boolean 默认值Default Value falsefalse显示版本信息。示例用法：Displays version information. Example usage:
innochecksum --version
--verbose,-v命令行格式Command-Line Format --verbose--verbose类型Type 布尔Boolean 默认值Default Value falsefalse详细模式；每五秒向日志文件打印一次进度指示。为了打印进度指示，必须使用
--log option指定日志文件。要开启verbose模式，请运行：Verbose mode; prints a progress indicator to the log file every five seconds. In order for the progress indicator to be printed, the log file must be specified using the--log option. To turn onverbosemode, run:innochecksum --verbose
要关闭详细模式，请运行：To turn off verbose mode, run:
innochecksum --verbose=FALSE
--verbose选项和--log选项可以同时指定。例如：The--verboseoption and--logoption can be specified at the same time. For example:innochecksum --verbose --log=/var/lib/mysql/test/logtest.txt
要在日志文件中找到进度指示器信息，您可以执行以下搜索：To locate the progress indicator information in the log file, you can perform the following search:
cat ./logtest.txt | grep -i "okay"
日志文件中的进度指示器信息类似于以下内容：The progress indicator information in the log file appears similar to the following:
page 1663 okay: 2.863% done page 8447 okay: 14.537% done page 13695 okay: 23.568% done page 18815 okay: 32.379% done page 23039 okay: 39.648% done page 28351 okay: 48.789% done page 33023 okay: 56.828% done page 37951 okay: 65.308% done page 44095 okay: 75.881% done page 49407 okay: 85.022% done page 54463 okay: 93.722% done ...
--count,-c命令行格式Command-Line Format --count类型Type 基础名称Base name 默认值Default Value truetrue打印文件中的页数并退出。使用示例：Print a count of the number of pages in the file and exit. Example usage:
innochecksum --count ../data/test/tab1.ibd
--start-page=num,-s num--start-page=,num-snum命令行格式Command-Line Format --start-page=#类型Type 数字Numeric 默认值Default Value 0从这个页码开始。示例用法：Start at this page number. Example usage:
innochecksum --start-page=600 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
或：or:
innochecksum -s 600 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
--end-page=num,-e num--end-page=,num-enum命令行格式Command-Line Format --end-page=#类型Type 数字Numeric 默认值Default Value 0最小值Minimum Value 0最大值Maximum Value 18446744073709551615在此页码结束。示例用法：End at this page number. Example usage:
innochecksum --end-page=700 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
或：or:
innochecksum --p 700 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
--page=,num-pnum命令行格式Command-Line Format --page=#类型Type 整数Integer 默认值Default Value 0仅检查此页码。使用示例：Check only this page number. Example usage:
innochecksum --page=701 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
--strict-check,-C命令行格式Command-Line Format --strict-check=algorithm类型Type 枚举Enumeration 默认值Default Value crc32有效值Valid Values innodbcrc32nonenone指定严格的校验和算法。选项包括
innodb、crc32和none。Specify a strict checksum algorithm. Options includeinnodb,crc32, andnone.在此示例中，指定了
innodb校验和算法：In this example, theinnodbchecksum algorithm is specified:innochecksum --strict-check=innodb ../data/test/tab1.ibd
在此示例中，指定了
crc32校验和算法：In this example, thecrc32checksum algorithm is specified:innochecksum -C crc32 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
适用以下条件：The following conditions apply:
如果您没有指定
--strict-check选项，innochecksum 会验证innodb、crc32和none。If you do not specify the--strict-checkoption, innochecksum validates againstinnodb,crc32andnone.如果您指定
none选项，则只允许none生成的校验和。If you specify thenoneoption, only checksums generated bynoneare allowed.如果您指定
innodb选项，则只允许innodb生成的校验和。If you specify theinnodboption, only checksums generated byinnodbare allowed.如果您指定
crc32选项，则只允许crc32生成的校验和。If you specify thecrc32option, only checksums generated bycrc32are allowed.
--no-check,-n命令行格式Command-Line Format --no-check类型Type 布尔Boolean 默认值Default Value falsefalse重写校验和时忽略校验和验证。此选项只能与 innochecksum 的
--write选项一起使用。如果未指定--write选项，innochecksum 将终止。Ignore the checksum verification when rewriting a checksum. This option may only be used with the innochecksum--writeoption. If the--writeoption is not specified, innochecksum terminates.在此示例中，
innodb校验和被重写以替换无效的校验和：In this example, aninnodbchecksum is rewritten to replace an invalid checksum:innochecksum --no-check --write innodb ../data/test/tab1.ibd
命令行格式Command-Line Format --allow-mismatches=#类型Type 整数Integer 默认值Default Value 0最小值Minimum Value 0最大值Maximum Value 18446744073709551615在 innochecksum 终止之前允许的最大校验和不匹配次数。默认设置为 0。如果
--allow-mismatches=N，其中N>=0N次不匹配，并且 innochecksum 在N+1时终止。当--allow-mismatches设置为 0 时，innochecksum 会在第一次校验和不匹配时终止。The maximum number of checksum mismatches allowed before innochecksum terminates. The default setting is 0. If--allow-mismatches=N, whereN>=0Nmismatches are permitted and innochecksum terminates atN+1--allow-mismatchesis set to 0, innochecksum terminates on the first checksum mismatch.在此示例中，现有的
innodb校验和被重写以将--allow-mismatches设置为 1。In this example, an existinginnodbchecksum is rewritten to set--allow-mismatchesto 1.innochecksum --allow-mismatches=1 --write innodb ../data/test/tab1.ibd
当
--allow-mismatches设置为 1 时，如果在一个有 1000 页的文件中，页面 600 出现不匹配，页面 700 又出现不匹配，则页面 0-599 和 601-699 的校验和会被更新。由于--allow-mismatches设置为 1，校验和会容忍第一次不匹配，并在第二次不匹配时终止，使页面 600 和页面 700-999 保持不变。With--allow-mismatchesset to 1, if there is a mismatch at page 600 and another at page 700 on a file with 1000 pages, the checksum is updated for pages 0-599 and 601-699. Because--allow-mismatchesis set to 1, the checksum tolerates the first mismatch and terminates on the second mismatch, leaving page 600 and pages 700-999 unchanged.--write=name,-w num--write=,name-wnum命令行格式Command-Line Format --write=algorithm--write=algorithm类型Type 枚举Enumeration 默认值Default Value crc32有效值Valid Values innodbcrc32nonenone重写校验和。重写无效的校验和时，必须将
--no-check选项与--write选项一起使用。--no-check选项告诉innochecksum忽略对无效校验和的验证。如果当前校验和有效，则不必指定--no-check选项。Rewrite a checksum. When rewriting an invalid checksum, the--no-checkoption must be used together with the--writeoption. The--no-checkoption tells innochecksum to ignore verification of the invalid checksum. You do not have to specify the--no-checkoption if the current checksum is valid.使用
--write选项时，必须指定一个算法。--write选项的可能值为：An algorithm must be specified when using the--writeoption. Possible values for the--writeoption are:innodb：使用InnoDB的原始算法在软件中计算的校验和。innodb: A checksum calculated in software, using the original algorithm fromInnoDB.crc32：使用crc32算法计算的校验和，可能借助硬件加速完成。crc32: A checksum calculated using thecrc32algorithm, possibly done with a hardware assist.none：一个常数值。none: A constant number.
--write选项会将整个页面重写到磁盘。如果新校验和与现有校验和相同，则不会将新校验和写入磁盘，以最小化 I/O。The--writeoption rewrites entire pages to disk. If the new checksum is identical to the existing checksum, the new checksum is not written to disk in order to minimize I/O.innochecksum 在使用
--write。innochecksum obtains an exclusive lock when the--writeoption is used.在此示例中，
crc32校验和写为tab1.ibd：In this example, acrc32checksum is written fortab1.ibd:innochecksum -w crc32 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
在此示例中，
crc32校验和被重写为替换无效的crc32checksum：In this example, acrc32checksum is rewritten to replace an invalidcrc32checksum:innochecksum --no-check --write crc32 ../data/test/tab1.ibd
命令行格式Command-Line Format --page-type-summary类型Type 布尔Boolean 默认值Default Value falsefalse显示表空间中每种页面类型的数量。例如用法：Display a count of each page type in a tablespace. Example usage:
innochecksum --page-type-summary ../data/test/tab1.ibd
--page-type-summary的示例输出:Sample output for--page-type-summary:File::../data/test/tab1.ibd ================PAGE TYPE SUMMARY============== #PAGE_COUNT PAGE_TYPE =============================================== 2 Index page 0 Undo log page 1 Inode page 0 Insert buffer free list page 2 Freshly allocated page 1 Insert buffer bitmap 0 System page 0 Transaction system page 1 File Space Header 0 Extent descriptor page 0 BLOB page 0 Compressed BLOB page 0 Other type of page =============================================== Additional information: Undo page type: 0 insert, 0 update, 0 other Undo page state: 0 active, 0 cached, 0 to_free, 0 to_purge, 0 prepared, 0 other--page-type-dump,-D命令行格式Command-Line Format --page-type-dump=name--page-type-dump=name类型Type 字符串String 默认值Default Value [none][none]将表空间中每个页面的页面类型信息转储到
stderr或stdout。用法示例:Dump the page type information for each page in a tablespace tostderrorstdout. Example usage:innochecksum --page-type-dump=/tmp/a.txt ../data/test/tab1.ibd
--log,-l命令行格式Command-Line Format --log=path--log=path类型Type 文件名File name 默认值Default Value [none][none]innochecksum 工具的日志输出。必须提供日志文件名。日志输出包含每个表空间页的校验值。对于未压缩的表，还提供 LSN 值。示例用法：Log output for the innochecksum tool. A log file name must be provided. Log output contains checksum values for each tablespace page. For uncompressed tables, LSN values are also provided. Example usage:
innochecksum --log=/tmp/log.txt ../data/test/tab1.ibd
或：or:
innochecksum -l /tmp/log.txt ../data/test/tab1.ibd
Specify the
-option to read from standard input. If the-option is missing when “从标准输入读取” is expected, innochecksum prints innochecksum usage information indicating that the “-” option was omitted. Example usages:Specify the-option to read from standard input. If the-option is missing when “read from standard in” is expected, innochecksum prints innochecksum usage information indicating that the “-” option was omitted. Example usages:cat t1.ibd | innochecksum -
在此示例中，innochecksum 将
crc32校验和算法写入a.ibd，而不更改原始的t1.ibd文件。In this example, innochecksum writes thecrc32checksum algorithm toa.ibdwithout changing the originalt1.ibdfile.cat t1.ibd | innochecksum --write=crc32 - > a.ibd
在多个用户定义表空间文件上运行 innochecksumRunning innochecksum on Multiple User-defined Tablespace Files
下面的示例演示了如何在多个用户定义表空间文件（.ibd 文件）上运行 innochecksum。The following examples demonstrate how to run
innochecksum on multiple user-defined
tablespace files (.ibd files).
对 “test” 数据库中的所有表空间 (.ibd) 文件运行 innochecksum：Run innochecksum for all tablespace
(.ibd) files in the “test”
database:
innochecksum ./data/test/*.ibd
对所有文件名以 “t” 开头的表空间文件 (.ibd 文件) 运行 innochecksum：Run innochecksum for all tablespace files
(.ibd files) that have a file name starting
with “t”:
innochecksum ./data/test/t*.ibd
对 data 目录中的所有表空间文件 (.ibd 文件) 运行 innochecksum：Run innochecksum for all tablespace files
(.ibd files) in the
data directory:
innochecksum ./data/*/*.ibd
Note
在多个用户定义的表空间文件上运行innochecksum在 Windows 操作系统上不受支持，因为 Windows 的 shell（如 cmd.exe）不支持通配符模式扩展。在 Windows 系统上，innochecksum 必须对每个用户定义的表空间文件单独运行。例如：Running innochecksum on multiple user-defined tablespace files is not supported on Windows operating systems, as Windows shells such as cmd.exe do not support glob pattern expansion. On Windows systems, innochecksum must be run separately for each user-defined tablespace file. For example:
innochecksum.exe t1.ibd innochecksum.exe t2.ibd innochecksum.exe t3.ibd
在多个系统表空间文件上运行 innochecksumRunning innochecksum on Multiple System Tablespace Files
默认情况下，系统表空间只有一个 InnoDB 系统表空间文件 (ibdata1)，但可以使用 innodb_data_file_path 选项定义多个系统表空间文件。在下面的示例中，使用 innodb_data_file_path 选项定义了三个系统表空间文件：ibdata1、ibdata2 和 ibdata3。By default, there is only one InnoDB system
tablespace file (ibdata1) but multiple
files for the system tablespace can be defined using the
innodb_data_file_path option.
In the following example, three files for the system tablespace
are defined using the
innodb_data_file_path option:
ibdata1, ibdata2, and
ibdata3.
./bin/mysqld --no-defaults --innodb-data-file-path="ibdata1:10M;ibdata2:10M;ibdata3:10M:autoextend"
这三个文件（ibdata1、ibdata2 和 ibdata3）组成一个逻辑系统表空间。要在形成一个逻辑系统表空间的多个文件上运行 innochecksum，innochecksum 需要使用 - 选项从标准输入读取表空间文件，这相当于将多个文件连接以创建一个单一文件。对于上面提供的示例，可以使用以下 innochecksum 命令：The three files (ibdata1,
ibdata2, and ibdata3)
form one logical system tablespace. To run
innochecksum on multiple files that form one
logical system tablespace, innochecksum
requires the - option to read tablespace
files in from standard input, which is equivalent to
concatenating multiple files to create one single file. For the
example provided above, the following
innochecksum command would be used:
cat ibdata* | innochecksum -
有关 innochecksum 选项的更多信息，请参阅 “-” 选项。Refer to the innochecksum options information for more information about the “-” option.
Note
在同一个表空间上对多个文件运行 innochecksum 在 Windows 操作系统上不受支持，因为 Windows shell（如 cmd.exe）不支持通配符模式展开。在 Windows 系统上，必须对每个系统表空间文件单独运行 innochecksum。例如：Running innochecksum on multiple files in the same tablespace is not supported on Windows operating systems, as Windows shells such as cmd.exe do not support glob pattern expansion. On Windows systems, innochecksum must be run separately for each system tablespace file. For example:
innochecksum.exe ibdata1 innochecksum.exe ibdata2 innochecksum.exe ibdata3