MySQL 8.4 Release Notes
许多 Linux 发行版在其本机软件存储库中包含 MySQL 服务器版本、客户端工具和开发组件，并且可以使用平台的标准包管理进行安装系统。本节提供使用这些包管理系统安装 MySQL 的基本说明。Many Linux distributions include a version of the MySQL server, client tools, and development components in their native software repositories and can be installed with the platforms' standard package management systems. This section provides basic instructions for installing MySQL using those package management systems.
Important
本机包通常比当前可用版本落后几个版本。您通常也无法安装开发里程碑版本 (DMR)，因为这些版本通常在本机存储库中不可用。在继续之前，我们建议您查看第 2.5 节“在 Linux 上安装 MySQL” 中描述的其他安装选项。Native packages are often several versions behind the currently available release. You are also normally unable to install development milestone releases (DMRs), since these are not usually made available in the native repositories. Before proceeding, we recommend that you check out the other installation options described in Section 2.5, “Installing MySQL on Linux”.
分发版具体说明如下所示：Distribution specific instructions are shown below:
Red Hat Linux、Fedora、CentOSRed Hat Linux, Fedora, CentOS
Note对于许多 Linux 发行版，您可以使用 MySQL Yum 存储库而不是平台的本机软件存储库来安装 MySQL。有关详细信息，请参阅第 2.5.1 节“使用 MySQL Yum 存储库在 Linux 上安装 MySQL”。For a number of Linux distributions, you can install MySQL using the MySQL Yum repository instead of the platform's native software repository. See Section 2.5.1, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository” for details.
对于 Red Hat 和类似发行版，MySQL 发行版分为许多单独的软件包，
mysql用于客户端工具，mysql-server用于服务器和相关工具，mysql-libs用于库。如果您想要提供来自不同语言和环境（例如 Perl、Python 等）的连接，则需要这些库。For Red Hat and similar distributions, the MySQL distribution is divided into a number of separate packages,mysqlfor the client tools,mysql-serverfor the server and associated tools, andmysql-libsfor the libraries. The libraries are required if you want to provide connectivity from different languages and environments such as Perl, Python and others.要安装，请使用 yum 命令指定要安装的软件包。例如：To install, use the yum command to specify the packages that you want to install. For example:
#> yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.48-2.fc13 set to be updated ---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.48-2.fc13 set to be updated ---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.48-2.fc13 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.017-1.fc13 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: mysql x86_64 5.1.48-2.fc13 updates 889 k mysql-libs x86_64 5.1.48-2.fc13 updates 1.2 M mysql-server x86_64 5.1.48-2.fc13 updates 8.1 M Installing for dependencies: perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.017-1.fc13 updates 136 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 4 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 10 M Installed size: 30 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata Processing delta metadata Package(s) data still to download: 10 M (1/4): mysql-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 889 kB 00:04 (2/4): mysql-libs-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:06 (3/4): mysql-server-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 8.1 MB 00:40 (4/4): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.017-1.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 136 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 201 kB/s | 10 MB 00:52 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mysql-libs-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64 1/4 Installing : mysql-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64 2/4 Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.017-1.fc13.x86_64 3/4 Installing : mysql-server-5.1.48-2.fc13.x86_64 4/4 Installed: mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.48-2.fc13 mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.48-2.fc13 mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.48-2.fc13 Dependency Installed: perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.017-1.fc13 Complete!
MySQL 和 MySQL 服务器现在应该已安装。示例配置文件安装到
/etc/my.cnf中。要启动 MySQL 服务器，请使用 systemctl：MySQL and the MySQL server should now be installed. A sample configuration file is installed into/etc/my.cnf. To start the MySQL server use systemctl:$>
systemctl start mysqld如果表尚不存在，系统会自动为您创建它们。但是，您应该运行 mysql_secure_installation 在服务器上设置 root 密码。The database tables are automatically created for you, if they do not already exist. You should, however, run mysql_secure_installation to set the root passwords on your server.
Debian、Ubuntu、 KubuntuDebian, Ubuntu, Kubuntu
Note对于受支持的 Debian 和 Ubuntu 版本，可以使用 MySQL APT 存储库（而不是平台的本机软件存储库）安装 MySQL。有关详细信息，请参阅第 2.5.2 节“使用 MySQL APT 存储库在 Linux 上安装 MySQL”。For supported Debian and Ubuntu versions, MySQL can be installed using the MySQL APT Repository instead of the platform's native software repository. See Section 2.5.2, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository” for details.
在 Debian 和相关发行版上，其软件存储库中有两个 MySQL 软件包：
mysql-client和mysql-server，分别用于客户端和服务器组件。您应该指定一个明确的版本，例如mysql-client-5.1，以确保您安装所需的 MySQL 版本。On Debian and related distributions, there are two packages for MySQL in their software repositories,mysql-clientandmysql-server, for the client and server components respectively. You should specify an explicit version, for examplemysql-client-5.1, to ensure that you install the version of MySQL that you want.要下载并安装（包括任何依赖项），请使用 apt-get 命令，指定您要安装的软件包。To download and install, including any dependencies, use the apt-get command, specifying the packages that you want to install.
Note安装之前，请确保更新您的
apt-get索引文件，以确保您下载的是最新的可用版本。Before installing, make sure that you update yourapt-getindex files to ensure you are downloading the latest available version.Noteapt-get 命令会安装许多软件包，包括 MySQL 服务器，以提供典型的工具和应用程序环境。这可能意味着除了主 MySQL 软件包之外，您还需要安装大量软件包。The apt-get command installs a number of packages, including the MySQL server, in order to provide the typical tools and application environment. This can mean that you install a large number of packages in addition to the main MySQL package.
在安装过程中，将创建初始数据库，并提示您输入 MySQL root 密码（并进行确认）。配置文件在
/etc/mysql/my.cnf中创建。初始化脚本在/etc/init.d/mysql.During installation, the initial database is created, and you are prompted for the MySQL root password (and confirmation). A configuration file is created in/etc/mysql/my.cnf. An init script is created in/etc/init.d/mysql.服务器应该已经启动。您可以使用以下方式手动启动和停止服务器：The server should already be started. You can manually start and stop the server using:
#> service mysql [start|stop]
服务自动添加到 2、3 和 4 运行级别，并在单、关闭和重启级别中提供停止脚本。The service is automatically added to the 2, 3 and 4 run levels, with stop scripts in the single, shutdown and restart levels.